The Wife of Bath is the rapist knight herself Essay Example for Free

The Wife of Bath is the rapist knight herself EssayShe still praises him and speaks of the abuse inflicted on her very matter-of-factly. As difficult as it may be to swallow, could it be that she is an example of a char who merely wants the illusion of having control while she is very the one who is controlled? It is not to say that women dont want power. We just dont want all of the power. After taking another one of his beatings, she made her fifth husband quality so guilty that he relinquished all of his assets. Therefore, there was a cessation of power which perhaps implies to the reader that her husband may now be less desirable to her, since she has now defeated and conquered him.After this encounter, we do not hear much more of the fifth husband. Why is that? Is it because theres nothing left to fall apart now that she controls him? We arent even told how this marriage ends whether he died or they separated. Of tongue and fist, indeed of all hed got. I made him burn that book upon the spot. And when Id mastered him, and out of deadlock. Secured myself the sovereignty of wedlock. For ages, women have begged men to be more eager to listen and indulge us in our thoughts and passions. However, we tend to become bored with these men.Though the two latter(prenominal) marriages dont chew the fatm successful, the reader can see the transition between husbands from ones that were simple and easily tames to the ones that were more difficult and harder to control. She is finding it harder to find a husband, now that she feels weakened, by what she considers the natural flaw of aging I wont prevent him Ill have a husband yet. So now she needs to assert herself, use some other way to demonstrate her power. She doesnt really have the things that she describes as important, except for what she has superficially attainted through past marriages.You say that some desire us for our wealth, Some for our shapeliness, our looks, our health, Some for our sing ing, others for our dancing, Some for our gentleness and dalliant glancing, And some because our hands are soft and small But your account the devil gets us all. Though in her tale she brings out her point that women want dominance over a man in marriage, there are flaws to her story telling. The nominal hero in the tale is a rapist. The word rape is often promoted by the Wife of Bath throughout her tale.The king in the Wifes tale represents authority and would have inflicted the penalisation of death on the knight. The queen on the other hand would have preferred the knight to also be raped, an eye for an eye. Out of context, it can be seen that the Wife of Bath is the rapist knight herself. Since the story is her own, her traits can be seen through the different characters. The Wife of Bath is interchangeable. She can be the knight who conquers the woman and who is also blinded by the false importance of age and beauty.Having created the knight and the theme of rape, she becomes a perpetual self-rapist. She could be the woman who is overtaken by the knights sexuality and strength, a sign of her sexual weakness. She could be the queen who is set upon this man learning that woman want/need control. Or even more so, we can see her as the hag who conquers the man and wins the power in the relationship. There is a gentle irony in the Wifes tale. Her story is of the antifeminist clichi that all women in their hearts desire to have control but also subconsciously want to be raped.

Biological Psychology Essay Example for Free

biologic psychology EssayAbstractPsychology has its own biologic boundaries. This is in the form of biological psychology or behavioral neuroscience. The main aim of this branch in psychology is to have a cleargonr picture of the relationship of the mind and body, and mind and judgement. It tries to link the mind functions to the different psychical processes and behaviors. This type of psychology investigates mans physiological phenomena such as storehouse and emotions.Biological PsychologyHuman beings are more then a collection of systems, more than a collection of organs and more than a collection of cells. The human body is complex. It is an operating organism which functions as a whole. The human body involves a great deal of variety of processes. By examining the parts, it does not mean that one can understand the whole organism (Arnold, 1999).Biological psychology is the field of psychology which main endeavor was to link the different brain functions to differen t mental processes and behaviors. Psychologists in this subdiscipline of psychology are often fire in relating biological variables to mental or behavioral variables. It deals with biological processes and behaviors that are shared with mammalian animals. This is because biological psychologists utilize animals in their experiments. Some of these processes are sensation, perception, motivation, nurture memory and control of motor movements (Biological Psychology). The history of Biological psychology emerged from various philosophical views in the 18th and 19th century. However, its study started frequently earlier. It dates back to Avicenna, a Persian psychologist and physician. He recognized physiological psychology in the treatment of illnesses involving emotions. Avicenna also gave some psychological explanations on corporal illnesses. He believed that humidity inside the brain can cause mood disorders. Humidity is brought by the change with the amount of breath. Another i s that happiness increases the breath so it contributes to the brains moisture. But then, too much moisture can make the brain loss control thus having mental disorders (The Mind-Brain Problem). The philosophical history of Biological Psychology surfaced from philosophers like Rene Descartes. He believed that the pineal gland was the point of contact between the mind and body. He also proposed a supposition that pneumatics or fluid power of bodily fluids is connected to reflexes and motor behavior (The Mind- Brain Problem). Another philosopher who contributed to Biological psychology is William James. He is the one who argued that in the study of psychology there should also be consideration to the understanding of Biology. He also stressed that the functions of the brain must be included in the study of psychology.The connection between mind and brain became progressively clearer in the nineteenth century. In this century, the doctors started observing patients who suffered from h ead injuries. The patients usually exhibited alterations in language and memory and some variation in their personalities. One patient is a refined businessman and a loving father became a vulgar person who lacks in affection for his loved ones after a sever blow in the head. These observations is lead researchers to experiment by producing surgical lesions in animals in different regions of the brain to observe what effects these lesions have on behavior (Westen, 1999).Since its origin, one of the major issues faced by biological psychologists was localization of functions. This entails knowing which different parts of the brain control different aspects of functioning. In 1836, a physician named Marc Dax, noted that lesions on the leave side of the brain were associated with aphasia or language disorder. Because of this discovery, many other discoveries linking the left hemisphere of the brain with language function appeared (Westen, 1999). These other discoveries led to the find ing of Brocas and Wernickes areas. Brocas aphasia involves bother in production of speech, whereas Wernickes aphasia involves difficulty in comprehending language (Westen, 1999). The clinical assumption of Biological psychology is that organisms share similar biological processes and behaviors. Some of the other disciplines in psychology greatly related to with biological psychology are comparative psychology, evolutionary psychology, neuropsychology, clinical psychology, cognitive psychology and experimental psychology (Westen, 1999). Comparative psychology is the study of behavior and mental processes of animals other than human beings (Westen, 1999). Biological psychologists use animals in their experiments. They compare the results done on these animals to human processes and behaviors. Evolutionary psychology, on the other hand, deals with the explanation of mental and psychological traits and how they evolved to adapt to different stimuli. Neuropsychology is an interdiscipli nary field of psychology and neuroscience that aims to explain how the structure and function of the brain relate to certain psychological behaviors (Evolutionary Psychology). Other fields of psychology related with biological psychology such as clinical psychology, cognitive psychology, and experimental psychology are connected with biological psychology because these fields aim to link the physiological processes with different mental processes. Clinical psychology focuses on the nature and treatment of physiological processes that lead to ablaze distress. Cognitive psychology examines the nature of thought, memory and language. And, experimental psychology examines mental processes in human and other animals (Westen, 1999).Some of the noted modern biological psychologists are Nikolaas Tinbergen, Karl von Frisch, Eric Kandel and Arvid Carlsson. Nikolaas Tinbergen is a Dutch ornithologist who win the Nobel Prize for Physiology in 1973. His contribution is the organization and eli citation of individual and social behaviour patterns in animals. Karl von Frisch is an Austrian ethologist who won the same award with Tinbergen. He studied the senses of bees and identified they methods of communication(Nobel Prize in Physiology/ Medicine 1973)..Eric Kandel is a neuroscientist whose contribution is the analysis of biochemical changes in neurons assiciated with learning and memory storage. Arvid Carlsson is a neuroscientist most noted for his on the neurotransmitter dopmaine and Parkinsons disease (The Nobel Prize in Physiology/ Medicine 2000).ReferenceArnold, T. (1999). Mind and Brian Relationship. Retrieved February 8, 2008, from http//www.hyponoesis.org/html/essays/e022.htmlBiological Psychology. Retrieved February 11, 2008, from http//www.psypress.com/common/ supplemental/184169360X/part1.pdfEvolutionary Psychology. Retrieved February 11, 2008, from http//www.psychnet-uk.com/evolutionary_psychology/evolutionary_psychology.htmThe Mind- Brain problem. Retrieved Fe bruary 11, 2008, from http//moebius.psy.ed.ac.uk/dualism/papers/brains.htmlThe Nobel Prize in Physiology/ Medicine 1973. Nobelprize.org. Retrieved February 11, 2008, from http//nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1973/index.htmlThe Nobel Prize in Physiology/ Medicine 2000. Nobelprize.org. Retrieved February 11, 2008, from http//nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2000/index.htmlWesten, D. (2nd Ed.). (1999). Psychology Mind, Brain and Culture. U.S.A. John Wiley Sons, Inc.

Dynamic Earth Essay Example for Free

Dynamic solid ground EssayHas the Earth been static since the beginning of time? Well, Earth hasnt been moving vigorously besides it is changing at a steady rate. New geological features, rock formations, and locations of plates all rise and demolish some in a lifetime and others everywhere a span of millions of years. Earth is dynamic it constantly progresses and doesnt rest. Through the churns and molds, the twists and turns, Earth is active because of plate plate tectonics and the rock cycle. The ideas and theories that make up plate tectonics have shown Earths dynamism. The position of plates on global maps didnt always look similar to the maps shown instantly. 250 million years ago, there existed a super continent, Pangea, which contained all land mickle on Earth. Before plate tectonics, people thought the plates were always in the same position no one could explain how such a deep mass could move. It split up some 200 million years ago but scientists recently accept ed this idea of moving plates continental drift. charge more recent was the idea of sea-floor spreading, the explanation for continental drift. These ideas merged to create what is now known as plate tectonics.In fact, it is more than likely that Earth will resemble Pangea in the future. The ideas that were brought up could easily have been within a persons lifetime. Volcanoes and earthquakes are also common because of plate tectonics. There are just about 500,000 earthquakes and hundreds of minor volcanic eruptions each year caused by the frequent interaction between plates. Plate tectonics are a major piece of demo for the changing planet.The transformations that occur through the rock cycle have also shown Earths dynamism. The rock cycle describes the dynamic transitions that the three main types of rock undergo without every definitive order. A metamorphic rock will not always stay a metamorphic rock it can turn into a aqueous rock through weathering and erosion then compacti on and cementation or an igneous rock through melting and cooling of magma.For example, the Andes Mountains were formed by the transformations of metamorphic and sedimentary rock. It began to take its present form about 80 to 100 million years ago.Even though the process for change is prolonged, it takes place nonetheless. The rocks we see today may be different millions of years into the future. Basically, nothing is ever set in stone or rather, rock.In conclusion, Earths dynamism is shown through plate tectonics and the rock cycle. It is constantly changing despite the slow rate. The features that are visible today wont be there forever. Volcanoes that were once active will drop by the wayside to erupt and continents that were once separated by water will be glued together. Beautiful rock formations will be torn down by the violent planet that is Earth.Due to the changing Earth, our understanding changes with it. Scientists constantly come up with new information to prove an ide a or counter a theory. The winds of change are coming, can you feel it?

Creating Law in the UK

Creating practice of law in the UKParliament is the supreme law-making body in the UK. Statutes are above all, and Judges agency is to apply and interpret the statutes. There are four rules of interpretation, which have substantial throughout the history and some of which after long lasting disputes. Law in the UK is also dependant on the EU law, which should be stronger that domestic law. There are several courts in United Kingdom, on the top of the hierarchy lies the despotic Court, any actor direct there, cannot be overruled by any other court. Judges job is to interpret statutes, and in some cases, to invite law. But is it lawful that judge can strive new law? Here I am going to discuss whether decide do in some cases make new law, or do they apply the existing statutes and common law cases.The Law in United Kingdom comes as legislation, from the Acts of Parliament, or, from Common Law decisivenesss of the courts set as precedents. Legislation is superior to all other outsets of law judges job is to interpret and apply them in courts. Common Law is historically the oldest citation of law in the UK, all the law used to be made by judges on authority of the monarch. Precedents ensure the development of the legal system. So, this raises a question are judges still considered as law makers in United Kingdom? The traditional way of judicial law making is that judges should play no part in creative law making, they should just declare it. The declaratory theory of law, famously introduced by William Blackstone on the eighteenth century, verbalise the idea that judges do not make the law but only declare what it has always been1. The theory was famously opposed by stern Austin in Lectures on Jurisprudence Or, The Philosophy of Positive Law as childish fiction2. Nowadays the Declaratory Theory is widely opposed, it does not search to go together with todays changing society and technological development. In his book, Lord Reid called the opinion th at judges only declare law and do not make it a fairy tale that is not believed anymore3. Therefore, there has been a lot of debate on whether Blackstones theory is correct and judges do not real make law but merely declare it.After legislation comes Common Law precedents set by introductory decisions of cases, which is also a source of law making in the UK. The Doctrine of Precedent It is based on two principles position of a court in the court hierarchy and how equivalent is the mixture of law and fact in the two cases being considered. The key feature in common law cases is stare decisis, which means to stand by things decided. Highest is the Supreme Court (previously House of Lords), which is not bound by its own previous decisions. As said by Lord Chancellor Gardiner in The normal Statement, that too rigid adherence to precedent may lead to injustice and restrict the development of the law, which is why House of Lords should be able to depart from previous decisions4. The Doctrine of Precedent is meant to lead to predictable and consistent development of legal principles, and the reason for the Practice Statement was that if courts are strongly bound by precedent the law cannot evolve. It is rarely used, though, but sometimes controversially. Like the case of R v Howe5 which overruled the case of Lynch v DPP for NI6, and fundamentally changed the defence of duress. By decision made in the case of Howe, in my opinion, judges did not make new law, but rather complemented it. On the contrast, in the case of R v R7, where marital rape was decided to be illegal, seemed like a making of a new law by judges. So, in some cases the courts can overrule a certain previous precedent and in some cases, make new law.The primary law in UK comes as statutes. Four rules have developed throughout history to interpret statutes The literal rule, the golden rule, the mischief rule and the purposive approach, last one being the most modern. The Literal Rule states that th e oral communication of legislation should be given their ordinary natural meaning, though that might in some cases lead to an absurdity. Like in Fisher v Bell8 where the dawn knives sold were treated as an invitation to treat and was not therefore under the Act9 which clearly had the aim of prevent the exact matter. The second one, The Golden Rule, was described by Lord Wensleydale in Grey v Pearson as that if a literal meaning leads to absurdity, the grammatical sense of the word may be modified to countermand it10. The Mischief Rule is laid out in Heydons case by four things to consider when interpreting statutes, which in summary consists of what was the common law before, what it was missing, and what is parliament trying to resolve 11. Now, the most modern one of the rules is The Purposive Approach, which stresses the need to interpret legislation in a way to achieve its objectives. This approach gives judges a lot of flexibility of deciding cases, and might look like it g ives judges the power to make law. About interpreting statutes, Lord Simonds stated in his opinion against interpretation of statutes other than in a literal way, that the duty of courts is to interpret words as they are, however ambiguous they are, it is still not up to the judges to travel outside them on a voyage of discovery1 The Declaratory Theory of Law Oxford J Legal studies (2013)2 The Declaratory Theory of Law Oxford J Legal Studies (2013), originally from John Austin Lectures on Jurisprudence Or, The Philosophy of Positive Law3 Lord Reid, The Judge as Lawmaker (1972) 12 J Soc Public Teachers L 22 http//heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/sptlns12div=10id=page= assessed 18 march 20174 The Practice Statement, House of Lords 1966 3 All ER 775 R v Howe and another and another appeal 1987 1 All ER 7716 Lynch v Director of Public Prosecutions for Northern Ireland 1975 1 All ER 9137 R v R(Rape marital exemption) 1991 4 All ER 4818 Fisher v Bell 1961 1 QB 39 4, 1960 3 All ER 7319 Restriction of offensive activity Weapons Act 1959, s 1(1).10 John Grey and Others, -Appellants William Pearson and Others, -Respondents (1857) 10 ER 121611 (1584) 3 Coke 7a 76 E.R. 637

Financial regulatory framework

Financial regulatory modeling Regulatory framework for monetary reportingThe monetary regulatory framework in the UK went through significant reforms in 1990-91 and has remained stable for ten years in that respectafter. Changes are being proposed to the regulatory framework arising out of tercet major reasons (a) the move by the European Commission towards developing a single capital market (b) the Enron scandal which has stimulated political interest in the regulation of accounting and (c) changes in UKs domestic laws and regulation (Fearnley and Hines, 2003). There have been several changes in the international arena that have overly necessitated changes in the financial regulatory framework. Due to globalization, many UK companies are now acquiring subsidiary companies in other countries, which function under divergent financial parameters and there whitethorn be a need to modify the subsisting regulatory and financial frameworks (Haller and Walton, 2003). When differ ent financial accounting standards exist in different countries, it may be necessary to harmonize them and this can only be achieved through modification of the financial regulatory networks. In this context, a report published by the imbed of chartered accountants in Scotland offers the view that the current position in the context of globalization is such(prenominal)(prenominal) that there is an ever increasing volume of accounting rules, which is not sustainable in the long run (ICAS, 20062). Its only principles based accounting is likely to be beneficial Domestic law and regulation has changed in different ways. First, the London Stock exchange was once self regulatory but it is no longer the Listing authority within the U.K. The UKLA (UK Listing Authority) which is a position of the Financial Services Authority (FSA) is now the responsible authority for this purpose. Second, professional bodies which are a part of the UK Accountancy profession, have set up their aver privat e regulatory framework the Accountancy Foundation to provide independent oversight of their auditing standards, ethical standards and regulatory activities, including disciplinary procedures. New regulations have also been issued in respect of limiting the remuneration paid to directors and the Companies Act has also been modified (Fearnley and Hines, 2003). These changes in the domestic law mean that the framework which existed earlier and was largely self-regulatory may no longer be adequate. Bullen and Crook (2005) have explained why a conceptual framework is needed. Both the FSAB and IASB, share a common goal of ensuring that their standards are principles based, which requires that such standards essential not be a mere collection of conventions but must be rooted in fundamental concepts. For instance, when the FASB members first base attempted to set up a regulatory framework, they experienced considerable difficulty in attaining agreement on standards, which led them to w ork towards the development of a conceptual framework. If such standards are to produce a coherent financial reporting system, they must be compiled in such a way that they pay off a framework that is sound and consistent internally. Bullen and Crook (2005) have also pointed out differences in concepts and conventions through assets, wherein the concept of a piece of equipment as an asset is based upon viewing it as a source of economic benefits for the future, while the straight line depreciation of that asset would be viewed as a convention. accord to Bullen and Crook (2005), a consistent regulatory accounting framework is required to converge different aspects of expressing the same concepts. The development of an accurate and sanitary developed regulatory framework is essential to prevent accounting fraud and deception such as the financial scandal that erupted at Enron. Secondly, it also provides advantages for investors, such as the ISAB framework for example, which goon (20059) has spelt out as follows (a) a more efficient valuation in equity markets (b) reduced costs to process financial tuition because GAAP adjustments are not required (c) reduced costs for being informed in a timely manner and (d) ability to create like financial databases. If these standards are implemented consistently, then it provides better comparability and therefore ensures that there is less risk for investors. Thirdly, it enables certain objectives of financial reporting to be met, such as (a) usefulness in making economic decisions (b) useful in assessing cash flow prospects and (c) providing information about enterprise resources, the claims of these resources and the changes that are required.Using ISAB Standards The existing ISAB framework is similar to the FSAB framework in terms of its structural components, i.e., setting out the objectives, the qualitative characteristics of the information, elements of financial statements, their measurement and display in the statements as well as elements of disclosure. The qualitative characteristics listed for example, take on understandability, relevance, reliability and comparability (Zeff 2007291). There are two specific challenges arising where worldwide financial reporting is concerned comparability and overlap. near companies are using the International Financial reporting Standards in order to prepare their financial statements (Zeff, 2007). The differences in business customs and corporate structures, such as the kieretsu in Japan and chaebol in Korea which are actually networks of holding companies with interlocking relationships, raises the question of whether a standard on consolidated financial statements would ensure comparability. It must be noted that there are some factors interfering with worldwide comparability, such as the business and financial purification, the accounting culture, the auditing culture and the regulatory culture (Zeff, 2007). Different countries have different healthy frameworks in aim to tackle issues of financial regulation and the performance of companies. For example, in the United States, the Sarbanes Oxley Act tries to regulate the functioning of companies, while in the UK, it is the Turnbull report which has guided corporate governance. Achieving similarity between the different legal national systems and their effective implementation across geographical boundaries is also difficult.While there are similar provisions among the laws of different countries, it must be noted that statutory provisions tend to set out legal parameters which may be adequate to express what financial actions would be considered illegal. The Companies Act of 2006, for example, has recently been amended to allow companies greater latitude and flexibility in their operations, such as decision making, company formation, director duties, etc, as well as spelling out limits on remuneration allowable to them. The components of the legal provisions thereby se t out detailed parameters about how the company functions and how it is to carry out its business operations. The Companies Act of 2006 also requires that companies establish risk assessment and accountability measures, such as setting up independent auditor function to monitor and check accounting procedures within the Company. But all these aspects are dealt with in generalities kinda than specifics in so far as statutory provisions are concerned.But the ISAB framework is much more comprehensive from the perspective of establishing and defining financial parameters. For instance, the ISAB framework narrow downs assets, liabilities and equity clearly. Other information contained in the frameworks includes the characteristics of financial information, such as the elements of financial statements and their recognition, as well as measurement of assets and liabilities.As Ball (2005) points out, investors require high quality financial statements, which would necessitate (a) an accur ate depiction of economic outcomes (b) timeliness and (c) a low capacity for manipulation by managers. none of these elements are likely to be components of the law (Ball, 20055). The ISAB framework on the other hand, does place an emphasis on reliability and relevance. The objectives spelt out under ISAB include the development of high quality, understandable and enforceable global accounting standards, promoting the rigorous application of those standards and bringing about a convergence in these standards.(Ball, 20056). Moreover, the regulatory frameworks place emphasis on reliability and consistency of accounting frameworks which helps to ensure that there is comparability and relevance across geographical boundaries.In conclusion therefore, a regulatory framework for financial reporting is necessary to ensure that there is consistency across financial standards in various countries. Regulatory frameworks also help to define financial parameters more clearly as compared to statu tory provisions, which provide a more generalized set of rules and laws that companies are expected to adhere to. It is only when there is a violation in financial conduct that a legal provision can be applied and contested, in order to establish how it applies in the context of the specific incident or allegation that has been brought before the Courts. A financial regulatory framework such as the ISAB framework however, clearly defines financial parameters and allows for the preparation of accurate financial statements which are likely to be more informative for investors, based upon an accurate depiction of economic outcomes. References* Bullen, Halsey G and Crook, Kimberley, 2005. A novel conceptual framework project, Financial Accounting Standards Board.* Fearnley, Stella and Hines, Tony, 2003. The regulatory framework for financial reporting and auditing in the United Kingdom the present position and imminent changes, The international Journal of Accounting, 38 215-233* Halle r, Axel and Walton, Peter, 2003. Country differences and harmonization, IN Walton, P, International Accounting, London Thomson1-34.* Zeff, Stephen A, 2007. Some obstacles to global financial reporting comparability and convergence at a high level of quality, The British Accounting Review, 39290-302

Lighvan Cheese: Physicochemical and Organoleptic Properties

Lighvan Cheese Physicochemical and Organoleptic PropertiesPhysicochemical and organoleptic properties of Lighvan quit fortified with Protulaca Oleracea stimulatening rock fossil oilMajid Keyvani, Marzieh Bolandi lineationCheese has high nutritional value in human health although is natur in ally poor in essential alter person acids. Essential elaboratety acids revealed authoritative roles in nutritional diet and have been suggested as disease legal community agent. Protulaca Oleracea (purslane) has considerable amounts of omega 3, 6 and 9 fatty acids as well as magnesium, potassium and vitamin C. The aim of this study is production and characterization of Lighvan quit fortified with Protulaca Oleracea perk upd oil. Results indicated that increasing of Protulaca Oleracea suck upd oil ca habitd satisfying increased omega 3, 6 and 9 c at one timentration in discontinue (p0.05). Lighvan cheese containing 2.5% Protulaca Oleracea (purslane) seed oil showed the highest sen sory attributes.Key words Omega 3, 6 and 9 fatty acids, Lighvan cheese, Protulaca Oleracea seed oil, FortificationIntroductionCheese is the dairy product which has been considered as important food as a point of nutritional value. Cheese has been produced by handed-down procedures since past years ago in Iran. Lighvan cheese, the semi-hard cheese, is the most popular traditional cheese made from raw sheeps draw in eastward Azerbaijan commonwealth of Iran. Lighavan cheese is characterized by high taste acceptability and considerable amounts of proteins e particularly casein which is beneficial for indigestion disease 1 but it is naturally poor in essential fatty acids. A large body of scientific reports suggests that high essential fatty acids dietary intake associated with health and reductions in cardiovascular diseases.Protucala Oleracea is an herb, cognize as purslane, which has considerable amount of poly unsaturated fatty acids. Purslane has been considered as rich line o f descents of antioxidants, Vitamin A,B,C and E, beta carotene and essential amino acids as well as minerals much(prenominal) as potassium, calcium, magnesium and iron 5,8. Fatty acid composition of purslane contains palmitic acid (C160), stearic acid (C180), oleic acid (C181 n9c), linoleic acid (C182 n6c) and -linoleic acid (C183 n3). -Linolenic acid is an 3 fatty acid that is essential in the human diet as a precursor for the synthesis of longer chain fatty acids and the prostaglandin group of mammalian horm one and only(a)s. Oil seeds such as brassica, flax and soya are main sources of linoleic acid and particularly purslane seed contains considerable amounts of linoleic acids 10. on that point are several(prenominal) reports in the literature corresponding to the health effects of omega 3 fatty acids on cholesterol reduction, arthritis sermon, mental depression therapy , burns healing and prevention of cancer cells growth3. Studies on omega 3 fortification of dairy products u sing fish oil have been found in the literature. However, the major problem with this attractive of fortification is un congenial sensory properties. The objectives of this study are i) to formulate of Lighvan cheese with purslane oil extract and ii) to study the effects of purslane fortification on characteristics of Lighvan cheese.Materials and MethodsMaterialsSheep milk was provided from Almalo village, Sahandabad county, East Azerbaijan province, Iran. Composition of sheep milk was 7.1% fat, 5.7% protein and 18.2% M1total solids. Renin was purchased from Mitoy compevery, Japan and coarseness was purchased from Pars Kaveh company, Iran. Purslane seeds provided from Mashhad traditional market and oil was extracted by cold press method.Cheese preparationAb let out 24 kilograms of sheep milk were hygienically filtered at 30 C and then divided into four portions in steel containers. Purslane seed oil was complex with sheep milk at tether ratio of 15, 25 and 35 using Blender (MJ-1 76NR, National, Japan). Then rennet was added to sheep milk in order to curd formation afterwards one hour. The curds were pressed in textile filter in order to separate whey. The curds were then cut longitudinally and transversally and pressed again to remove relaxation whey. The curds were moulded and placed in 15% salt brine after 3 hours. Finally, the moulded curds salted and stored in 11% salt brine at 82 C for 3 months for ripening.Physicochemical analysisPhysicochemical properties of cheese samples evaluated according to the national standards of cheese including moment 1753 for total solids determination, number 2852 for pH and acidity determination, number 760 for fat determination and number 1811 for protein determinationM2.Fatty acid compositionFatty acid composition of purslane oil and fortified cheese analyzed using botch up chromatographyM3. YL Model6100 GC equipped with flame ionization detector was employ. Characterization of capillary column (TR-CN100) was with 0.2 micro molarity internal diameter, 0.25 micrometer thin coating and 30 meter length at 80 to 200 C temperature. The GC was operated with helium carrier gas with 99.99% purity.Sensory propertiesThe sensory quality of cheese sample was evaluated by a 15 member panelist group who were s pop uped with quality attributes of food products. Panelists scored for sensory characteristics including color, odor, texture, internal and external appearance using a cinque point hedonic scale (1 very bad to 5 excellent).Statistical analysisThe designates of treatments were subjected to one- vogue analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 95% assumption level using SPSS 16 software. Sensory results were analyzed using nonparametric Fridman test at 0.05 significant levels. All analysis was performed at three replications.Results and wordEffects of purslane seed oil on physicochemical propertiesThe results of physicochemical analysis were shown in Table 1. The results indicated that the efficiency of che ese making increased as purslane oil concentration increased. The efficiency of cheese making depends on milk type, fat subject domain of a function, total solid (milk density), milk temperature (temperature of inoculation), the amount of rennet, rennet coagulation capacity, removed whey content, moulding pressure and salting.Table 1 Cheese making efficiencyM4Cheese + 3.5% POCheese +2.5% POCheese +1.5% PO1ControlTreatments39.33%37.33%36.83%34.83%Efficiency1 purslane oilThere is no significant difference (p0.05) between pH and acidity of samples due to purslane oil addition however, the significant reduction in pH and acidity after aging process was observed (pTable 2 pH and acidity of cheese samplesValues are recorded as mean standard differenceMeans followed by different superscripts in each column are significantly different (pThe results of moisture, fat, salt and protein contents of cheese samples were shown in Table 3. The results revealed that the highest fat content rel ated to cheese containing 3.5% purslane oil. The more than purslane oil concentration caused significant more fat content (p0.05) 7.Salt concentration in brine and outgrowth osmotic pressure caused penetration of salt into cheese and resulted in equilibrium which led to moisture loss during aging 2. Results showed that moisture content of fortified cheese with purslane oil decreased before aging as purslane oil increased, however there is no significant difference between moisture content of cheese containing 1.5 and 2.5% purslane oil (p0.05) . In fact, increasing of fat content resulted in more fat in dry matter and subsequent less moisture content which led to reduced lipolysis 7. Previous studies revealed that moisture content didnt substituted as much as reduced fat in low fat cheese 9.Salt content of samples decreased as purslane oil increased which can explained by preventing role of purslane oil from penetration of salt into cheese structure. In fact, fat globules fasten ca pillary structure and extend penetration duration so cheese contained more fat content needs more time for salt diffusion into cheese 6. Salt content of cheese increased during aging because of cheese curds storing in salt brine 2.Protein content of cheese decreased significantly (pTable 3 Chemical properties of cheese samplesValues are recorded as mean standard deviationMeans followed by different superscripts in each column are significantly different (pGas chromatographyThe results of gas chromatography were shown in Table 4. The considerable amounts of omega fatty acids especially omega-3 fatty acids in purslane oil was observed and the omega-6 to omega-3 ration calculated as 1.5 which is an ideal ratio.Table 3 GC results of purslane oilM5The results indicated that purslane oil addition caused significant increase in omega 3, 6 and 9 (pTable 5 Omega fatty acids of cheese samplesValues are recorded as mean standard deviationMeans followed by different superscripts in each colum n are significantly different (pSensory propertiesSensory assessment of cheese fortified with purslane oil is presented in Figure1. The panelists marked the lowest scores of flavor, aroma and appearance (color) for cheese containing 3.5% purslane oil and the cheese contained 3.5% purslane oil obtained the lowest total acceptability score. Porous structure is texture characteristic of Lighvan cheese. Different aroma is the other characteristic of Lighvan cheese which is related to sheep milk and microorganisms activity. It was expected that purslane oil covered the special aroma of Lighvan cheese because of distinct odor of purslane oil. The panelist distinguish particular aroma of purslane oil only at 3.5% concentration level. The individual flavor is some other characteristic of Lighvan cheese which is correlated to sheep milk and bacteria activity. Purslane oil affected flavor of Lighvan cheese especially at 3.5% concentration level. The fortified cheese contained 3.5% purslane o il seemed darker than the other treatments.Figure 1 Sensory properties of cheese samplesConclusionThis study exhibited the possibility of purslane oil as omega essential fatty acid source in traditional Lighvan cheese formulation without undesirable altering of physicochemical and organoleptic properties. Purslane seed oil could enrich omega-3, 6 and 9 fatty acids content of cheese considerably. Increasing of pursiline oil in formulation lead to increased omega fatty acid content although cheese contained 3.5% purslane oil didnt obtain acceptable sensory characteristics and 2.5% purslane oil concentration showed better organoleptic properties.M6ReferencesAminifar, M.Hamedi, M.Emamjomeh, Z.mehdinia,A. 2010. Microstructural , Compositional And Textural Properties During Ripening Of Lighvan Cheese, A Traditional Raw Sheep Cheese. Journal of Texture Studies 41 (2010) 579593.Azcona, J.O.Garcia, P.T,Cossu, M.E.Iglesias, B.F.Picallo, A.Perez, C.Gallinger, C.I. Schang ,M.J.Cane,Z.E.t. 2008. Meat quality of Argentinean Camperos scandalmongering enhanced in omega-3 and omega-9 fatty acids.Meat Science, 79 437443Brunner, J.R.1981. Cow milk proteins Twenty five years of progress.J. Dairy Sci.641038-1050De Lorgwril, M., Salen, P., Laporte, F. and Delriris, j. (2001). Alpha-linolenic acid in prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease. European Heart Journal Supplement 3(4)26-32Gsta Bylund, M.Sc.1995. Dairy processing handbook. Tetra Pak. 8,320Ghotbi, M. Soleymanian zade, S. sheikh zeyneddin, M. 2010. Identification of L. pentosus, L. paraplantarum and L. plantarum in Lighvan cheese, Research Journal of food for thought Science and Technology of Iran 6 (2) 145-148Kavas, G. Oysun,G. Kinik, O.Vysal, H. 2004. Effects of some fat replacer on chemical, physical and sensory attributes of low-fat white pickled cheese. Food Chemistry, 88381-388Rubatzky, E. V. and Yamagughi, M. (1997). World VegetablesPrinciples, return and Nutritive Values. Chaman Hall, 834 pp.Rudan, MA. Barbano, DM.Yun, JJ. Kindstedt, PS.1999. Effect of fat content reduction on chemical composition, proteolysis, functionality, and yield of Mozzarella. J Dairy Sci, 82 661-672Salunkhe, D, K. and Kadam, S, S. (1998). Handbook of Vegetable Science and Technology. marcel Deker, INC. 727 PP.M1include detail of the method of milk analysisM2Include appropriate international standard with a referenceM3Include detail of analysis and referenceM4How making efficiency was decidedM5All the oil transfer to the oilCalculate itM6Conflict of interest should be includedCubism artists Pablo Picasso and George BraqueCubism Artists Pablo Picasso and George BraqueIn Paris around 1907, Pablo Picasso and George Braque broke away from centuries of traditional western art. The whiz viewpoint had been exhausted, it was cast aside. A new analytical system was put in its place.They revitalized the way they worked by re engaging with expressive lively art from lost cultures (especially African art). This was refreshing as religion and superficial extravagance were not part of this movement. Paul Gauguin, the cut impressionist, probably had a passel do with this. His work was heavily influenced by the native culture of Tahiti and the Marquesas Islands.By viewing a subject from many angles it pass waterd this cubist effect. Almost like the exposure itself were living and moving. Pre 20th century, most paintings had always been still and savorless, granted many were incredibly life like but they were lacking in energy.Influential French art critique Louis Vauxcelles attributed the terms Fauvism (1905) and Cubism (1908).He described cubism as a geometric simplification of natural shapes and images. Upon seeing one of Braques paintings he said, M.Braque scorns form and reduces everything, sites, figures and Roman houses in geometric diagrams, to cubes U. Apollonio, Materializing Space, in Braque, P. 4.Cubists wanted to create pictures that went beyond geometry or perspective. The idea o f relativity the notion of movement on a flat surface was introduced. Artist fused both their observations and memories into the one image. But in order to do this the Cubists examined the way that we see.Artists were free from the use of perspective and accuracy. Tonal range and lighting was no longer heavily relied on but the internal representation of natural and fake textures made a lot of cubist art works appear tactual even though the surface of the canvas remained flat.Unlike the nonfigurative artists of the same period, the aim was not to create an image without a distinct form, but to create a completely new way to represent images figuratively and realistically.In the beginning there were many very simple images of subject matter macrocosm used e.g. someone silting alone in an empty room with a window and the glimpse of an industrial landscape outside.But, as more boundaries were crossed and the untainted styles of representation seemed but a distant memory away, mixed media started to take form in many of the cubists paintings. The importance of connecting reality to their paintings opened up a completely different way in which to connect with art. And as a result this heavily influenced many other artists and their styles, today this style has made a huge impact within the art world and advertising and we see this on a day to day basis.Czannes afterwards works and tribal African art greatly influenced Braque and Picasso. A lot of tribal art appeared to be very stiff but they had such iconic faces. They were misleadingly flat to look at head on but if you looked at them from the side they were both curved and angular. During the far more analytical period of cubism we see a change in how shape is exposed. We begin to find shapes within shapes of all different sizes, textures and colours.Take Picassos Les Demoiselles dAvignon 1907 (MoMa) generally referred to as the archetypical Cubist picture. This sarcastic representation of the female nude d epicts a group of nudes in various poses. Some of the sharp disjointed angular faces look like tribal masks this gives the nudes a thought of masculinity rather than conventionally looking feminine. This reinvention of the nude is created without ordinary perspective but the picture does not look flat. On the contrary the angles, curves, lines and the sparing use of flesh tones thought the painting still allow you to see through all the shapes and into the picture itself. The several alternate angles on top of one other do confuse the eye somewhat. Picasso termed this as an indulgence of colour, using but a small range of colours, and only slight tonal shifts.Around 1912 mass began to think that Braque and Picassos style was becoming predictable and all of their work was becoming too similar, so much so that more often than not, multitude couldnt single out their work apart from one another. They were becoming increasingly more abstract and the subject was lost to the eye. In a n attempt to step back from the severe abstract paintings Picasso began to use more mixed media. He took images from the real world and pasted them in to his work. His painting Still Life with Chair Caning 1912 (Muse Picasso, Paris) was the first example of this collage technique. A lot of Picassos paintings already embodied this effect of collage He used different types paint and medium instead of mixed media. Thus for himself and other artists the second phase of the Cubist style was born Synthetic Cubism had begun and the analytical phase was over.The terms Analytic Cubism and Synthetic Cubism were popularized by Alfred H. Barr, junior (1902-1981) in his books on Cubism and Picasso. Alfred Barr was the first director of the Museum of Modern Art, New York.Synthetic Cubism embodied a lot of repetition and the overlaying and overlapping of shapes and colours creating a more geometrically simplified and flatter image. Synthetic cubism was very different from analytical, it was colou rful and more direct, even though the work sometimes appeared more abstract. The geometric way of thinking had now been replaced by freehand, patterns, lines, textures, shading and colour, all used in a variety of different ways, were rather rhythmic as they saltationd around the canvas. report was used as an alternative to paint and real scores of music replaced hand drawn notation. Anything you could find from newspaper, advertisements and packaging to everyday products that we use were either today pasted or painted onto canvas. This was considered the first form of Pop Art.Braque confesses when we did Cubism, we had no intention of Cubism, but to express what was in us. Even though Picasso and Braque are so alike what unites them is less important than what divides them.Who was to Blame for Wounded knee?Who was to Blame for Wounded Knee?Who was to blame for Wounded Knee?On that terrible day, declination 29, 1890, a little gun conflict sparked the saddest event in Indian his tory. The veterans of the seventh cavalry were blinded by excitement. Warriors, squaws, children, dogs or even friendly soldiers all went down alike before the flailing fire. An infant dropped onto the ground from its mother embrace as the gushing blood from her lungs bullet wound splashed across its innocent face. Even after the commotion ended, the soldiers called out to survivors promising them safety. The moment a boy came out of his hideout, he was butchered by bullets from over ten men. 250 deprive Indians were killed mercilessly. That day, there was no troth or honor, only a shameful massacre at the Wounded Knee. Those to blame for the massacre were The US politics for their calmness as well as bias toward the cavalrys action, the 7th cavalry for their cruelty and Colonel mob W. Forsyth for his commands as well as placement of troops.To begin with, the US government and the 7th cavalry had no right to interfere with the Indian. There was a treaty hold dearing these Ind ians. Even though the government used the Ghost dance as a reason, the Ghost dance was less like a solid reason and more like an excuse to identify troops into the backlogFirst, consider treaty of Fort Laramie. The Treaty of Fort Laramieor theSioux Treaty of 1868 was an agreement between theUnited Statesand theMiniconjou, Oglala, andBrulbands ofLakota people signed on April 29, 1868 atFort Laramiein the Wyoming Territory, guaranteeing the Lakota ownership of theBlack Hills, as well as hunting rights and further land inSouth Dakota,Montana, andWyoming. ThePowder River Countryor the reservation area as a whole was to be closed to all whites.Pine ridgeline reservation was part of the treaty promised Indian land. The 7th cavalry intercepted scratchy Elks band ofMiniconjou Lakota and HunkpapaLakota nearPorcupine Butteand forced them to move to Wounded Knee Creek. Both Porcupine Butte and Wounded knee creek were in Pine Ridge reservation. Hence, the 7th cavalry was violating the treaty statement that the land would be closed to all whitesConsider the US government and the 7th Cavalry excuses that the Ghost dance could cause troubles and uprising. The Paiute prophet Wovoka simply used Ghost Dance as a dream in which the Indians could dwell in. They danced and experienced visions of loved ones returning, , of their ancestors and of the buffalo that once thrive but now no more in the plains, and of the disappearance of oppressive whites. The Ghost Shirts were believed by some to deflect the bullets of the whites, but most danced because they dreamt of surrogate and an end to the reservation system. The Ghost Dance doubtlessly frightened many whites in the region, and created many rumors. However, there were no incidents of raiding outside the newly established reservation boundaries The U.S. governments response by sending over half the entire U.S. Army to the reservations including the 7th cavalry was without doubt groundless and unjustified.Next, the 7th cavalrys and Colonel James W. Forsyths intentions were clearly not peaceful. While there was conflict and tension during the event prelude to the massacre, the soldiers were well trained and prepared for necessary retaliation. However, evidence pointed out that they over-retaliated on purpose. The supporting evidences were that the 7th cavalry was scarred by Indian force before, the placement of Hotchkiss guns was for mass-murder and the battle was initiated in close rangeConsider the primer of the 7th cavalry in 1873 the 7th Cavalry moved its garrison post toFort Abraham Lincoln,Dakota Territory. Lieutenant ColonelGeorge A. Custerwas killed at theBattle of the Little Bighornon 25 June 1876 with 211 men of the 7th Cavalry. The Nebraska State Journal on December 10, 1890, under the headline The Redskins RetreatWar Cloud Grows Darker, claimed that the Seventh Cavalry was fairly itchiness for a fight. These are the same Indians who mercilessly shot down the gallant Custer and 300 of the Seven th Cavalry on that memorable day of June 25, 1876 and it is safe to verbalise the Sioux will receive no quarter from this famous regiment should an opportunity snuff it to wreak out vengeance for the blood taken at the battle of the Little Big honker.The 7th cavalry was obviously setting the scene for the battle. Troopers escorted the Lakota about five miles westward from the original open plain to harder to escape fromWounded Knee Creek where they made camp. Later that evening, Col.James W. Forsythand the rest of the7th Cavalryarrived, bringing the number of troopers at Wounded Knee to 500. In contrast, there were 350 Indians 230 men and long hundred women and children. The troopers surrounded Spotted Elks encampment and set up four rapid-fire Hotchkiss-designedM1875 Mountain Guns. The guns were placed on higher spot in all directions to guarantee that no Indian would escape from Wounded Knee creek.After the battle initiated, it was fought at close range fully half the Indian m en were killed or maimed before they had a chance to get off any shots. Some of the Indians grabbed rifles they had been hiding and opened fire on the soldiers. With no cover, and with many of the Lakota unarmed, this phase of the rubbish lasted a few minutes at most. While the Indian warriors and soldiers were shooting at close range, other soldiers used the Hotchkiss guns againstBlack Elk(18631950) medicine man, Oglala LakotaI did not know then how much was ended. When I look back now from this high hill of my old age, I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch as plain as when I saw them with eyes young. And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud, and was buried in the blizzard. A peoples dream died there. It was a beautiful dreams the nations hope is broken and scattered. There is no center any longer, and the sacred tree is dead.25Finally, the US government and Forsyth openly supported the inhuma ne action of 7th cavalry. James w. Forsyth praised the massacre as a success. The US government awarded the men of 7th cavalry with Medal of Honor and the promotion of James W. Forsyth. The Indian war came to an end. The massacre was also praised by public. Perhaps, many white people at that time were also to be blame for the massacre.Colonel Forsyth was oblivious to any problem. His report, written on New Years Eve, expressed his admiration for the gallant lead of my command in an engagement with a band of Indians in desperate condition, and crazed by religious fanaticism.The secretary of war evidently agreed with Forsyth, and Forsyth was reinstated, later rising to the rank of major general. U.S. approval of the action was further emphasized by awards of the Medal of Honor to three officers and fifteen enlisted men for their heroism at the Battle of Wounded Knee Creek.The American publics reaction to the battle at the time was generally favorable. Many non-Lakota living near the reservations interpreted the battle as the defeat of a murderouscult others confusedGhost Dancerswith Native Americans in general. In an editorial response to the event, the young newspaper editorL. weenie Baum, later the author ofThe Wonderful Wizard of Oz, wrote in theAberdeen Saturday Pioneeron January 3, 1891The Pioneer has before declared that our only safety depends upon the total extermination of the Indians. Having wronged them for centuries, we had better, in order to value our civilization, follow it up by one more wrong and wipe these untamed and untamable creatures from the face of the earth. In this lies future safety for our settlers and the soldiers who are under clumsy commands. Otherwise, we may expect future years to be as full of trouble with the redskins as those have been in the past.32Soon after the event,Dewey Beard, his brotherJoseph Horn Cloudand others formed theWounded Knee Survivors Association, which came to include descendants. They sought compensati on from the U.S. government for the many fatalities and injured. Today the association is independent and works to preserve and protect the historic site from exploitation, and to administer any memorial erected there. Papers of the association (18901973) and related materials are held by the University of South Dakota and are available for research.33It was not until the nineties that a memorial to the Lakota was included in theNational Historic Landmark.In conclusion, the massacre at Wounded Knee creek was to be blame on the US government, the 7th Cavalry and James W. Forsyth. The US government broke the treaty using the Ghost Dance as an excuse and awarded these murderers openly. James W. Forsyth and the 7th Cavalry also deliberately planned and executed the massacre. Draw correlation between Wounded knee and the holocaust + other holocaust. People will do everything in their power to destroy minority. US land of freedom and diversity also have stigma of mistreating and massacre of the minority, Indians until today. The Problem of tyranny of majority occur in all level Country global personal the conflict of majority is in us. Will we let the voice of others or majority kill the minority like the Elkwood we be bland and One dimensional enjoy the diversity and color of lives.

Snake, By DH Lawrence Essay -- essays research papers

Snake     When the snake first came to the water-trough, the narrator was excited and glad "he had come like a guest in quiet, to drink at my water trough." He "felt so honoured" at this visit whilst at the alike time, the voices of his "accursed human education" advised him to kill it, for it was a gold snake and therefore venomous.     Those voices said to him, "If you were not afraid you would kill him." The narrator "picked up a clumsy log And threw it" at the snake when the snake was leaving. Like for a moment, the majestic spell of awe was broken and the voices overpowered him so his real cowardliness shone through. He had asked himself whilst feeling this awe, if it were "cowardice, that I dared not kill him?" but his real cowardice came when the snakes "back was turned."     I also think that when he threw the log at the snake, it was almost a cry out that he was not to go. He said that it was his voices, but it seems to me that he used that as an excuse. That he was almost arduous to punish the snake for leaving him. The narrator says he felt "A sort of horror, a sort of protest against his withdrawing into that horrid black hole" then(prenominal) he threw the log.     The use of words like silently, softly, in the beginning when he is first describing the snake and the snakes motions, serve to get ...