An Overview of Sexual Harassment

Sexual harassment is one of the biggest problems facing our schools and businesses today. A week rarely goes by without a reminder of the pervasiveness of sexual harassment as a social problem. Sexual harassment is a growing problem in the government agencies, schools, and the corporations of the world; however, many corporations are now adopting new anti-harassment policies. (Conta) The definition of sexual harassment is any unwanted or inappropriate sexual attention. That includes touching, looks, comments, or gestures. A key part of sexual harassment is that it is one sided and unwanted. There is a great difference between sexual arassment and romance or friendship, since those are mutual feelings of two people. Often sexual harassment makes the victim feel guilty, but it is important for the victim to remember that it is not their fault, the fault lies totally on the person who is the harasser. Many times fear is involved in sexual harassment because it isn't about physical attraction, it's about power. In fact, many sexual harassment incidents take place when one person is in a position of power over the other; or when a woman has an untraditional job such as a police officer, factory worker, business executive, or ny other traditionally male job. Typical victims of harassment are young, single, college-educated, members of a minority racial or ethnic group (if male), in a trainee position (or office/ clerical positions if male), or have an immediate supervisor of the opposite Presently, it is hard for courts and others to decide when sexual harassment has taken place because the definition of sexual harassment is much too broad. Clearing up the legal definition of sexual harassment would discourage and punish harassers and bring comfort to the victims. Here are some points to remember in deciding hen sexual harassment takes place: Sexual harassment is one-sided and * It is about power and not attraction. * Subtle sexual behavior is sometimes socially acceptable, but some would consider it offensive and want it stopped. * Moderate sexual behavior is not socially acceptable, reasonable * Severe sexual behavior is never acceptable. (Swisher 28) Sexual harassment is a major problem in public schools, colleges, and universities. Surveys on college campuses show the number of respondents reporting to have been sexually harassed ranging from 40-70 percent. Only two percent of campus harassment ases involve a professor demanding sex in return for a good grade. Most cases involve male and female students. In public schools current sexual harassment definitions are inappropriate, since bad sexual behavior of today's children isn't sexual harassment, but it is a reflection of the vulgar, violent, and the sexually explicit nature of our media and culture. When little six-year-old children get suspended from school for kissing girls on the cheek, it is not an example of sexual harassment but of political Sexual harassment is still a big problem in schools and every school district in Washington now has an antiharassment policy. Junior high or middle school has the biggest problem with sexual harassment mainly because of their immaturity and out-of-control hormones†. Says Viki Simmons of the YWCA. â€Å"Many times in high school, students don't think anything about it when harassment happens, but schools are now cracking down on it†. Simmons interview) In the business world employers are now on notice that sexual harassment will no longer be tolerated in the workplace. Claims brought against alleged harassers include wrongful termination, invasion of privacy, violation of due process and free speech rights, efamation, and intentional infliction of emotional distress. Sexual harassment usually happens to women in low-paying jobs, or women that have to have a job in order to support themselves and children. If sexual harassment happens at work, write down a detailed description of what took place, so that it is well recorded and you don't have to think back to the incident. You should keep a note pad handy for this purpose, or write it on a napkin to help you * What actually took place and what the offender said Another way to do this is to write a letter to the harasser. Be sure to keep a copy. Tell the person clearly in the letter that his behavior toward you is unwanted. Tell the person that he will be reported if the behavior doesn't stop (Kolbert). According to the research group Catalyst, recent studies have found that 40 percent to 60 percent of woman say they have been harassed sometime in their Employers have a duty to investigate allegations of sexual harassment, and their employees have a legitimate interest in knowing what activities could result in their termination. Ever clearer definitions of sexual harassment are being implemented by more and more corporations around the country. As this happens, an increasing number of companies are searching for new ways of protecting themselves against allegations, adopting their own anti- harassment policies to combat this growing problem. CEO's should do a variety of things to stop sexual harassment in the work place. The most important thing is senior management makes it clear to workers that harassment in any form won't be tolerated. If top managers don' take the issues seriously, employees won't either. Managers must also understand they are responsible for their Companies need an explicit written policy on sexual arassment that is widely available in the workplace. Most consultants advise companies to do more than just post the policy on bulletin boards. They should distribute it company wide, repeatedly. Copies should be included in new employee orientation packets. Employees should have clear definitions of what sexual harassment is Many companies are now offering employee training sessions on sexual harassment, and many say that follow up training is a good idea. Training programs should include all employees, rather than just managers. The tone should be gender neutral and avoid heavy iscussions on male harassment that might cause some resentment among the male employees. Many times programs aren't effective because they spend a lot of time just attacking men and not the crime. Companies need a good system to deal with complaints. A clear process for handling complaints shows that a company takes them seriously. Until 1991 it was harder for woman to make allegations of sexual harassment, since woman felt like there was nothing that they could do about it. But the highly publicized hearings of Clarence Thomas and Anita Hill in 1991 changed everything. During the fall of 1991, the subject of sexual harassment rabbed news headlines. Everyone began discussing this issue and emotions ran high. Judge Clarence Thomas was nominated to be a Supreme Court Justice, which is America's highest court, and Supreme Court Justices have their jobs for life. They cannot be fired. Before a person can be made a Justice, he or she must be questioned and Judge Thomas was ounce the head of a U. S. agency called the EEOC. The EEOC makes sure everyone is treated fairly when applying for a job. It also enforces laws against sexual harassment. Anita Hill is a law professor who worked with Judge Thomas at the EEOC many years ago. A few weeks into the Congressional Questioning she came forward and accused Thomas of sexual harassment. She claimed that he used to constantly ask her for dates and spoke to her about pornographic films he had seen. Anita Hill said that she was deeply offended by these remarks but felt that she could not complain. Clarence Thomas was her boss, and she thought that her career could be Anita Hill was a very believable witness. But Judge Thomas denied her charges in the strongest possible terms. Who was telling the truth? The country was divided. But the issue was being discussed everywhere. Women from all across the nation told of their experiences with sexual harassment. And many men admitted being Finally, the senate voted to approve Judge Thomas. But the vote was close. Many senators had doubts about Thomas's character. Others did not the, Thomas's career should be destroyed because of one person's story. They said there was not enough evidence to prove there was wrongdoing. In the end, everyone agreed that sexual harassment is a serious problem everyone must become more sensitive It's important to know that men have trouble too. Women are not the only victims of sexual harassment. More and more men are being harassed in the workplace, classrooms, and locker rooms. Whoever is in the position of power tends to be the harasser. Men can be victims of both woman and other men Sexual harassment is very wide spread, but there are ways of avoiding it, such as: Keeping everything strictly on a business level. If working in the same room as the harasser, create a barrier between the two work stations with a desk or file cabinet, etc. Do not ask for personal favors or special treatment from the harasser so that he won't feel he is owed anything. Do not talk about anything personal.

Random acts of kindness Essay

I believe in random acts of kindness. The smallest things that can make you smile. I believe that if you do something nice for someone, they will take that act of kindness and spread it out to people they come across throughout their day. It’s the smallest things that make the biggest differences. For example, holding the door for someone who has their hands full or smiling at a stranger as they pass by. It’s these little things that let people know someone cares. This belief is not based on one significant personal experience, but a few of them that I have experienced throughout my life. Not one individual experience was what I call â€Å"life changing† but looking back at the ones that I can remember, I can easily say that they were. I remember one day last year when I was a counselor in training at my summer camp, and not having the greatest day. Nothing specific was wrong, but everyone has those days where everything just seems to go wrong. Well I went to bed that night and there was a bouquet of tissue paper flowers and a note that said â€Å"I hope this brightens your day!† I still do not know who left them on my bed, but it doesn’t matter. It’s the thought that counts. One of my favorite personal experiences was when I was visiting the University of Miami. It was pouring rain, and we were on the campus tour. To get from one building to the next, we had to cross into the rain, and right there, there was a student standing with a bunch of umbrellas. Anyone who did not have their own umbrella was then given one by this student. The umbrellas were stamped with a logo and the words â€Å"random acts of kindness†. There was another student stationed at the other building, who was collecting the umbrellas and passing them out to people traveling in the opposite direction. A gesture as simple as this has the power to make somebody’s day brighter. I can also recall numerous times when a stranger has held a door for me, or I for them. Something that I have always wanted to do, but have not had the chance yet is while in the drive though line, pay an extra $5 for the person behind you. I have seen this on TV and it is an extremely nice gesture to do for someone you have most likely never spoken to before. As I said earlier, it’s the smallest things that make the biggest impacts in people’s lives. So here is my challenge to you. Today, before you go to bed, do a random act of kindness. It can be to someone you know or someone who is a complete stranger, but it has to be random. And I’ll bet that before you go to bed, you will receive a random act of kindness in return.

U.S. History Civil War-Present Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

U.S. History Civil War-Present - Assignment Example Most of the pool culture items are those that people acquire through the different means like for instance buying and enjoy then by using them during their free time. Items of the pop culture entail the activities and products that are designed to suit or rather appeal at attracting the interests of most of the people. Hence therefore the products and activities of pop culture reflect the interests and desire that most people associate or would prefer to associate with (Arnold, 1993). Some of the example of the pop culture includes the clothes. Toys, games, TV shows, actors, singers and movies. From the examples it is evident that this culture does not only deal with the products and activities which are physical and tangible but also deals the intangible part like ideas, images, attitudes, perspectives and issues that are not necessarily physical but lead to cultural followings through beliefs. Inevitably the term pop culture has been used interchangeably with popular culture perhaps due to the masses involved in the constitution of the pop culture (Harrison, 2005). Due to the popularity associated with the pop culture, it relies so heavily on the media which serves to attract the masses to associate with the culture. Media therefore has a very big role to play in the pop culture in terms of influencing the people’s beliefs and perception about the products, activities and beliefs. Media creates a certain influence on the people by the way they present the elements that they advertise or channels to the people and t is how they present this that will make people adopt the attitudes and ideas about the elements which subsequently helps them decide the trend in terms of culture that they will adopt (McChesney, 2004). This is a group of people with a culture that is either distinctly open or hidden and makes them stand out from a larger group which they identify

Did the British public opinion about the Iraq War changed during the Essay - 1

Did the British public opinion about the Iraq War changed during the war - Essay Example However, the public support for the military actions which are government led in Britain plays an important role in foreign and defense policies. Public opinion establishes the political mission legitimacy, maintains the effectiveness of the military, sustains the morale of the deployed troops in war, and justices the required budget for resourcing military. There is no robust evidence of what the public of British thinks about the mission of British involvement in Iraq. There is also a difference of opinion among them. Despite the length of involvement of United Kingdom in the Iraq war, the public opinion is difficult to be entirely determined about the mission. The public opinions data in the Iraq war area have been collected through opinion polls. The opinion polls provided evidences which are relatively timely and quick about the public perceptions and opinions. Nevertheless, there exist potential issues which regard the sample representatives related to some social groups like those people without the landline or internet access. Representative and independent surveys of UK about the public opinion towards the Iraq war mission have shown a contrast in public attitudes. The surveys however have not always included the comparisons of formal statistics on how the public opinion may differ. The UK’s public opinion on the war in Iraq has no relation to the estimations of UK about the military casualties’ tolerance. UK studies have drawn on the theories that are suggesting on public opinion on war. The theory suggests that the public opinion about objectives, moral justifications and success of the military campaign is related to the military death acceptability by the public. There are other theories also which suggest that absolute number of death is of large irrelevance. The accurate estimates of military deaths are associated with the public attitudes

While historically the courts have sought to carry out the will of Essay

While historically the courts have sought to carry out the will of Parliament, in the field of human rights Parliament will carry out the will of the courts (Lord Borrie). Discuss - Essay Example There is asymmetry and inequality can be seen in the relations of public law, that is the rights of the individuals are decided by the government bodies – both local and central. However, as per the law of doctrine the authorities too need to act within the boundaries of law. It is the government’s duty as well to obey and respect the law. For example a general public, who is unhappy with any decision of the government authority, can seek judicial review. Apart from judicial review general public can challenge the legality of decision made by the government bodies through two other methods. Those are: complaints procedures and ombudsman schemes. In this essay the discussion will revolve around the Parliament and the human rights. The main base of the discussion is upon the famous statement made by Lord Borrie, which says that "...while historically the courts have sought to carry out the will of Parliament, in the field of human rights Parliament will carry out the will of the courts". With this statement Lord Borrie tried to say that though Parliament is the supreme law-making body in the country, it also can legislate on any kind of subject matter (Elliot & Thomas, 2011). The carry out of legislation is solely on the grounds of human rights. The statement also says that like how the court carries out the will of Parliament that is the law made by the Parliament, the Parliament also has to carry out the order of the court is there is any. There is no rule that no Parliament can get restricted by the predecessor or can restrict the power of future parliament. Though there is rule no one, including the court of law, has the right to question the Act of Parliament there are certain constraints that need to be followed so that Parliament also act within the boundaries of law. This act comes under the parliament sovereignty. However, the exercising of unauthorized and oppressive power can be tried under the constitutional

Early-Age Marriage in Ethiopia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Early-Age Marriage in Ethiopia - Essay Example In this particular research, I want to look into the cultural differences that spell the differences on how different societies view, and react to, early-age marriages or unions. In the Americas, I have come to believe that early-age unions, if ever they occur, are generally viewed, or judged, as a result of lack of parental guidance. Ironically, according to research, in Ethiopia, early-age marriages are planned by parents for many different reasons, but mostly to have a little â€Å"relief† from continuous poverty. My aim in this research is to try to look at the different reasons and effects of early-age marriages to present them to readers in order to not only learn on the Ethiopian culture, but also to gain an insight into how important this aspect is in a person's life. Should people see how the freedom that young people have in a nation whose civil rights movement is at its highest is sometimes taken for granted because they are not placed in an opposite position, they might place more importance on matters that other people of their age would give everything to have. Background Should people, especially in underdeveloped communities where access to health care is inadequate, delay the age of marriage, problems on the physical, emotional, and mental well-being of these young girls will be lessened. Early-age marriage is a common occurrence in developing countries. One example of this is Ethiopia, where â€Å"62% of Ethiopian women aged 20-49 get married before the age of 18,† (Alemu 4) and most, if not all, of these are arranged by the parents of the couple. Furthermore, Ethiopia is ranked as having 12th largest occurrences of early marriages according to the International Center for Research on Women. In such marriages, these young girls are usually just forced to give in to their parents’ wishes for marriage. Permission of the bride is usually not sought, and even prior knowledge or consultation is usually not given. Because of thi s, the child-bride's physical, emotional, and mental well-being are placed under risk of damage that could sometimes be irreparable. Physical problems such as domestic violence, spousal rape, or complications during child-bearing and giving birth can cause severe damage to the child-bride (Gossaye et al. 2). Additionally, emotional issues such as depression, trauma, and even mental distress are evident in a big percentage of these marriages (Gossaye et al. 2). Furthermore, mental problems can also be observed in such marriages. For one, these child-brides are rarely able to go back to school after marriage. This deprives them of self-development and chances for growth. Self-fulfillment becomes rare for these females. Physical Problems in Early-Age Marriages I have not really immersed in a community where early-age marriages abound. However, there are certain multi-cultural communities in rural settings where these types of marriages or unions can be seen. I have observed that while domestic issues are present in every marriage, such issues are more emphasized if one of the spouses is very young. For one, I have always been against domestic violence. There is a general consensus that aside from the children, women are almost always the victims in domestic violence. If adult woman has problems in preventing it from happening to her, how much more can a child-bride prevent it from happening

Contemporary Latino Narrative Film Research Paper

Contemporary Latino Narrative Film - Research Paper Example The paper will finally present a critical analysis of the director’s work. The movie, Motorcycle Diaries released in 2004 was an adaptation of the book with the same name written as a memoir by Che Guevara himself. It was directed by Walter Sallers and starred Gael Garcia Bernal as Ernesto Guevara and Rodrigo De la Serna as Alberto Granado (IMDB). The movie begins with a youthful happiness as two friends. Ernesto and Granado begin on a journey of fun and adventure that would transport them to a leper colony where they plan to provide their services as medical men. The aim of the journey is mostly to have fun and Ernesto take on his motorcycle, Le Poderosa as the mode of transportation. However, along their journey, Guevara meets with poverty stricken people who are severely impacted by the capitalist society and this transform Guevara into a man who feels that these people should be represented and should fight for equal rights by developed a communist regime. When one sees that movie as a transformation of the protagonist, one will find a remarkable change in Guevara from the beginning of the movie till the end. The movie begins on a lighthearted note where one is able to enjoy the idiosyncrasies of the two young men who have no responsibilities of the world. Having always lived within their own circle, these two men are unaware of the plight of the communist living within their own country. In the beginning, the talk of these men is centered on girls and having fun and adventure. They laugh often, they joke often and they are like any other typical men of their age (Christianson, 13). The transformation in Guevara however is not very sudden. Even while having the adventure of his lifetime, the viewers see a responsible man in certain instances. Since Guevara belonged to the medical profession, his eyes were open for the patients among the people he met. While his friend, Granardo was more

Platos Allegory of the Cave Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Platos Allegory of the Cave - Essay Example The prisoners come up with a guessing game on what the images they see on the wall could be. The one who gets his guess right on what the next object to appear is gets praised by his fellow prisoners and is viewed as a master of nature, even though none of these things they guess have they seen or known.Plato finds a problem with this kind of knowledge where people believe in truth in things they have even not seen or experienced. Plato has his own view of how people should perceive and arrive at truth in their daily encounters in life. The first perception is: sensory perception. This entails the world as it appears, how we see it, feel it using our senses. The second kind of perception is spiritual perception. This comes about after we ignore the sensory perception and set out to seek deeper insight on the basic knowledge we have (Herman 2013). This previous perception happens to be Plato’s ideal philosophy of all time and the ideal kind of concept.Aristotle’s rhetori c can best be defined as the art of observing the necessary cause of persuasion in any given situation. According to Aristotle’s Rhetoric, he finds it okay for people to talk about things (ideal) they envision or have heard about as though they were actually in touch with them (Rorty, 1996). In his view this believe in the vision would bring them even closer to these ideal. Aristotle believed that human beings had the ability to look at how communications happen around them and deduce meaning and come up with convincing arguments.

Domestic & Foreign Policies Writing Assignment Essay

Domestic & Foreign Policies Writing Assignment - Essay Example Participation in Head Start has seen more children graduate from high school to college than in previous decades. Similarly, Medicare has helped significantly decline mortality rates across all races in America. Apart from the direct benefits, safety nets are an indirect form of smart  investments in America’s economic growth because of the improved productivity and health. Even so, there are critics that see safety net programs as largely useless and counterproductive. They see the safety net programs as a disincentive for people to work, and in consequence, confine them to poverty. They encourage complacency and reliance, and reduce labor force participation.2 Despite the arguments, there is no much evidence to suggest the reduction in the labor force and laziness among recipients. In case they do, it is in a limited scale that is not comparable to the overall benefits of the programs. In the main, safety nets are beneficial because they develop the economy, support the middle  class, and lessen inequality. The invasion of Iraq was an unnecessary event that is similar to the redundant Vietnam War. The use of force in Iran is pointless and a waste of taxpayers’ money. The war on Iraq received condemnation both before and after the invasion. According to the United Nations Charter, the war is largely illegal. It results in unnecessary instability in Iraq, the Middle East, and even among a section of the American populace who do not support the war. Several deaths of innocent citizens occur because of the actions of American soldiers and their presence in the region.3 Even so, international restrictions on biological, chemical and nuclear weapons programs in Iraq are necessary for the sake of safety.4 Previous occurrences such as the nuclear attack on Japan were catastrophic, similar to the September 11 terror attacks. The

Technical Marketing in Engineering Research Paper

Technical Marketing in Engineering - Research Paper Example An attractive field that makes a combination of science and engineering expertise with people’s skills is that of a sales engineer. A sales engineer is a person who is professionally trained to market and sell highly technical products and services. With the field of technical marketing in place, there is high demand for sales engineers with the description of abnormal increases in employment as stated by the U.S. Department of Labor. From the lists provided for the recent graduates for a position of technical marketing by several companies. Before every detail is put down, there is a question to deal with. What particular work do specialized advertisers perform? It is a good question to get everything started. Technical marketers sell products in that the product’s installation and optimal use needs great handle from experts. In addition, they give information about the firm’s products, help the future and probable customers with their technical problems. Make design plans for the proposed machinery layouts, give an estimation on the cost savings, give recommendations on the improved materials and machinery and lastly make suggestions on the training schedules provided for the employees (Nitto, 324). In answering these questions, this report gives an analytical review of information acquired from certain professionals as well as from literature. The following analysis gives an examination in the field’s employment outlook, the required and available skills and personal qualities, the career benefits, and the disadvantages and certain entry options. Regardless of the way that promoting and deals are utilized reciprocally, the specialized showcasing is included with more deal lives up to expectations.  

Our Countrys Good - Characters Reactions to the Play Essay Example for Free

Our Countrys Good Characters Reactions to the Play Essay The play tells the story of convicts and Royal Marines sent to Australia in the late 1780s as part of the first penal colony there. It follows Second Lieutenant Ralph Clarks attempts to put on a production of George Farquhars comedy play called â€Å"The Recruiting Officer† with a cast of male and female convicts. The play also shows interesting turning points for the convicts and their attitude towards the George Farquhar play, which now will be looked into more detail. When the play is first proposed: Upon arrival in Australia, the Governor-in-Chief Captain Arthur Phillips suggests an activity or a form of education for the convicts during their stay. Second Lieutenant Ralph Clark takes on the idea to perform a play and decides on the comedy â€Å"The Recruiting Officer†. Midshipman Harry Brewer likes the idea, but Captain Watkin Tench laughs at the very idea. Nevertheless, Ralph Clark calls upon the first convict Meg Long who is very old and smelly, and who has no idea that Ralph is talking about making a theatric play; she thinks he means something sexual by the word â€Å"play†. Even still, she tells Ralph Clark that she will do whatever he wants. Moments later, a Robert Sideway shows up and is very intrigued by doing a play and tells a story about when he used to pick pocket outside a theatre in London. He is very enthusiastic with his words â€Å"I beg you, I entreat you, to let me perform on your stage, to let me feel once again the thrill of a play about to begin†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Thereafter, another two female convicts arrive; Dabby Bryant and Mary Brenham. Mary is extremely shy, but has the ability to read unlike Dabby, although Dabby is very enthusiastic about the play. Afterwards, Liz Morden appears. She seems to be a very harsh lady and snatches the book from Ralph and says â€Å"I understand you want me in your play, Lieutenant. Is that it? I’ll look at it and let you know. † These words signal anger and pride, but still a slight interest in being included in the play. The reactions of the Royal Marines are in fact quite different. In Act One, Scene Six they hear about the newfound idea of making a play with the convicts. Major Robbie Ross is the one who is the most against the idea of having a play. He believes the convicts are there to be punished for their crimes, â€Å"You want this vice-ridden vermin to enjoy themselves? † Captain Watkin Tench is on Ross’s side and believes the convicts should do hard labour instead of leisure. The Reverend Johnson agrees that the play is unable to uphold Christian values and therefore decides that the play should not be allowed. He does not believe that the convicts can reform. The only neutral person in this discussion is Lieutenant Will Dawes who does not care if the play is there or not â€Å"Put the play on, don’t put it on, it won’t change the shape of the universe. † Only Ralph Clark and Governor Phillips believe in the idea of redemption and change for the convicts, and thus building up a society amongst them all. Therefore, the Governor allows the play to proceed as Ralph Clark intended. Whilst the play is being rehearsed: Many of the convicts are disappointed in the roles they have received and there is constant confusion of the disappearance of Kable and John Arscott, where some are indicating that they have escaped. The convicts appear to be having misconceptions about acting although they are trying their best to perform. Liz Morden who appeared to be a having a negative attitude towards everything, seems now to have a more formal way of speaking and is very enthusiastic about her lines, but only remembers them because they were read to her and therefore speaks very fast. She also seems to have gained a nicer approach to her inmates â€Å"Thank you, Lucy, I do much appreciate your effort. † Ralph Clark performs a major leading role in teaching the convicts how to read their lines and act it out at the same time. He is still very interested in the play. But Major Ross ruins their rehearsals when he enters and disrupts their play by accusing Ralph for the escape of Arscott and Kable â€Å"Five men have run away and it’s all because of your damned play and your so-called thespists. † After the incident, half of the convicts end up enchained and Ralph Clark is considering shutting down the play, but Governor Phillips explains that he should not. Liz Morden, John Wisehammer, John Arscott and Black Caesar are all in chains, but still continue to rehearse the play. This gives an idea of a newfound passion for the play and a new aim in their lives before they are hanged. In the second rehearsal, some convicts are still in chains and Major Ross does everything he can to disrupt the play. Ralph makes a fool of Ross by telling him to leave â€Å"Major, there is a modesty attached to the process of creation, which must be respected. † This makes Ross even more angered and turns it around on the convicts. He makes fun of the convicts who still try to rehearse passionately. The rehearsal is stopped by the sound of Arscott’s cries. Later on, we see that Wisehammer wants to become a famous writer and he tells Ralph that he has written a new introduction for the play. The convicts are now all very into the play and they rehearse with great passion. Even when all the convicts are not present, they are forced to act to different characters, but they are willing and able. There are also some deeper emotions going on between the convicts and between Ralph and Mary. Ralph gets jealous when Wisehammer kisses Mary during the rehearsals, but Wisehammer feels it is part of the play and it should be taken seriously. Later on in Act Two, Scene Nine, Ralph and Mary are rehearsing together and they grow fond of each other as they act. â€Å"What you please as to that. Will you lodge at my quarters in the meantime? You shall have part of my bed. Silvia. Mary†. Ralph uses the words of the play to indicate his feelings for Mary and they both undress. By the conclusion of the play: In Act Two, Scene Ten, the Royal Marines are discussing the innocence of Liz Morden, and as she will not speak they think she is guilty (of stealing some food). But Governor Phillips reminds her of the play and she then speaks. This directly means she feels an obligation to her friends, and that dying would matter. She now feels she has something to live for and that is the play. Her words have also become more formal and she no longer sounds like a convict â€Å"Your Excellency, I will endeavour to speak Mr Farquhar’s lines with the elegance and clarity their own worth commands. † The play has brought everyone together and everyone has become nicer to everyone. During the backstage before the performance they discuss how to take the bow, which displays confidence in their upcoming performance and everyone is now focused on the play. Even Dabby is â€Å"suddenly transfixed† but she still wants to escape after their first performance which will get Ralph into trouble, so Mary is against it. Everyone pushes everyone to participate and motivates them. Black Caesar has stage fright but is forced to do it by his inmates. Wisehammer recites his new prologue which is surprisingly good which indicates his passion for writing and for the play itself. In conclusion, all the convicts have been convinced by the end of the play and they now feel the magic that the play contains and it had brought them all together, during rehearsals and throughout till the end.

The Total Tourist Experience Essay Example for Free

The Total Tourist Experience Essay The travel and tourism industry is made up of six different components, they are: * Travel Agents * Tour Operators * Transportation * Accommodation and Catering * Tourist development and Promotion * Tourist Attractions Should a tourist decide to take a holiday, he/she is likely to visit a travel agent to inquire about various holidays on offer and prices available. Travel agents are agents for tour operators; they sell package holidays, products and services on behalf of the tour operator and are paid a commission or fee by the tour operator. Travel agents offer products and services such as; travel insurance, flights, car-hire, ferry crossings, train tickets, advice etc. There are two types of travel agents; they are the Retail Travel Agent and the Business Travel Agent. The larger Business Travel Agents are members of the Guild of Business Travel Agents (GBTA) and make up over 80% of business travel arrangements through travel agencies. Leading GBTA Business Travel Agents are, American Express Europe Ltd, Britannic Travel Ltd, Carlson Wagonlits, Hogg Robinson Travel Ltd, Portman Travel Ltd and Seaforth Travel Ltd. The Business Travel Agents concentrate on the sale of travel related products to business clients and are sometimes located in an office within the organisation, for which they provide travel arrangements (in-house). Business travel involves getting the client to the appropriate destination for business meetings and related duties. The Retail Travel Agents belong to the Association of British Travel Agents (ABTA). The role of the Retail Travel Agent is to provide a location, where tourists who are seeking information about travel plans will go. The Retail Travel Agents sell arrange of leisure and recreation travel products and services to outgoing, incoming and domestic tourists. They act as a link between customers and tour operators; they are in constant contact with airlines and car hire companies. Contact is maintained over the phone, through the post and the computer systems in place e.g. Amadeus, Galileo, Sabre, and World Span. Many Retail Travel Agents advise customers, suggest possible holidays, answer questions, make bookings and help customers with travel problems. They also sell ancillary products and services e.g. travel insurance, foreign currency, travellers cheques etc. There are four main leading travel agents, they are; Lunn Poly Ltd, Going Places, The Thomas Cook Group and Carlson Worldchoice. Between them, they sell over 60% of inclusive tours in the UK and account for 1/3 of the total number of high street travel agency branches in the UK. A tourist is most likely to choose a holiday that is an inclusive deal e.g. flights and accommodation. These deals have been designed and compiled by a tour operator. Tour operators provide a wide range of products and services for domestic, outgoing and incoming tourists. They arrange transport, accommodation and leisure activities to make up the holiday package. Holiday packages are usually sold through travel agents. Due to customer demand, tour operators offer flexible options for their customers e.g. flight only and multi-centred holidays. Tour operators usually belong to ABTA or the Association of International Tour Operators (AITO). Tour operators can specialise e.g. selling to the mass market, which means they offer tours to the general public and cater for all their needs and outbound tour operators who organise package holidays abroad. Examples of tour operators are; Thomson Holidays Ltd and Airtours plc. There are specialist long haul operators e.g. Kuoni Travel Ltd. Travel Scene specialise in city breaks while Crystal and Ski Bound specialise in winter sports. Tour operators publicise their products through their own direct marketing e.g. Thomson Holidays Ltd own Portland Direct and Airtours plc own Direct Holidays. Thomson Holidays Ltd also encourages direct bookings from their brochures or packages, which are advertised and sold through travel agents. A tourist who is going on holiday can choose from a variety of different transportation methods, they include cars, trains, planes or boats. Transportation means providing travel to and from a destination, travelling around a destination or it can be the main feature of a tourists trip. Transport can be divided into four different categories, they are: * Air- scheduled flights, charter flights or air taxis * Water- ferries, cruise ships, hover crafts or river boats * Road- cars, motorbikes, coaches or buses * Rail- trains, tubes or trams The transport networks are the air, water and land routes, which various forms of transport travel along. Each network has starting and ending points, which are known as termini. Air travel has scheduled flights, which operate regularly according to published schedules or timetables e.g. Virgin Atlantic Airways fly five times a week to New York and three times a week to South Africa. Charter flights only operate when they are hired for a particular purpose. Tourists tend to take scheduled flights, as they are affordable, faster and convenient. Charter flights are expensive and need to be organised through companies. Tourists often have a choice of transport routes when deciding how to travel to their destinations, these include; sea- (ferries and cruises), which tend to be slow but flexible as tourists can take their cars on the channel crossings. Road- (motorways, auto-bahns, major trunk roads and the channel tunnel) this is a flexible means of transport. Finally, rail- (high speed lines and scenic railways) this is a quick means of transport to a destination. The choice of transport and type of route taken is based on four factors; cost, convenience and availability, journey time and services provided by the transport carrier. There is a variety of accommodation available for a tourist. It can range from five star hotel accommodations through to basic bed and breakfasts. The type of accommodation chosen by a tourist is usually dependent on his/her budget. Whilst on holiday a tourist will have a wide variety of catering facilities to choose from. He/she will choose a restaurant or takeaway that serves the food of his/her choice. Accommodation and catering are organisations, which provide tourists with places to stay and to eat. In the UK there are many single outlets and multinational operators. Catering services operate separately from accommodation in some cases. Restaurants, pubs, fast-food outlets and cafes provide arrange of choices from quick snacks to haute cuisines. Some restaurants offer fixed priced menus or a la carte menus, where customers pay for separate items. Pubs are popular as they provide cooked meals, hot snacks, salads and sandwiches with alcohol. Fast-food outlets are convenient and offer items such as hamburgers, pizzas, pasta and baked potatoes. Examples of fast-food outlets are Mc Donalds and KFC. Tourists who are travelling either by plane or train e.g. Eurostar, are often offered catering, which is prepared and packaged meals. Accommodation can be divided into serviced or self-catering. Full serviced means it includes meals and house keeping. Examples of places that offer serviced accommodation is hotels, motels, guest houses or lodges. Serviced accommodation can be divided in a number of ways including the number of bedrooms, small- (ten rooms or less), medium- (eleven-fifty rooms) and large- (more than fifty rooms). Serviced establishments are awarded a rating, which indicates the range of facilities provided. The National Tourist Boards (NTBs) for England, Scotland and Wales have developed the Crown Classification System for hotels, guesthouses, bed and breakfasts and farmhouses. The number of crowns awarded represents the range of facilities and services provided. Self-catering accommodation means tourists are provided with accommodation but have to provide their own food, this type of accommodation is usually cheaper as fewer services are provided. Examples of self-catering are, apartments, camping sites, timeshare and chalets. The tourist board inspectors check both serviced and self-catering accommodations and each of the establishments are graded for quality e.g. Travel Lodge is for budget accommodation while grand hotels e.g. The Ritz and The Hilton are classed as five star accommodations. Tourist development and promotion are the support services of the industry and will work together to provide a tourist with an informative and interesting holiday experience. Tourist development and promotion comprises of tourism support, promotion services, Tourist Information Centres (TICs) and guiding services. Many local authorities have specific departments to support and develop tourism in different areas. This support includes marketing the area with the aid of brochures, distributing accommodation and entertainment guides and attending travel exhibitions to promote their areas. NTBs and Regional Tourist Boards (RTBs) work with local authorities to promote and develop local areas; this involves providing a wide range of services such as educational material, publicity guides and visitor guides. I will discuss each organisation that aids tourist development: * The British Tourist Authority (BTA) is an official government organisation formed in 1969 in conjunction with tourists boards for Scotland, Wales and England. Their role is to build the value of tourism to Britain by promoting tourism in Britain. The BTA advertises overseas, it also advises the government and businesses about tourism and carries out research. The BTA works with the Scottish, English, Welsh and Regional Tourist Boards to encourage inbound travel to the UK. It also works with the Department of Culture, Media and-Sport (DCMS), and liases with the British council and diplomatic staff to increase awareness as a travel destination. * NTBs are responsible for promoting domestic tourism in their respective areas. There are four main tourist boards, they are, the English Tourism Council (ETC), Scottish Tourist Board (STB), Northern Ireland Tourist Board (NITB) and Welsh Tourist Board (WTB). In Wales people refer to the WTB as Bwrdd Croeso Cymru. There are also separate tourist boards for the Isle of Man, Guernsey and Jersey. They have similar objectives, which include, advising the government on tourism matters, creating wealth and jobs, enhancing the image of their areas etc. * There are three RTBs in Wales and ten in England: * RTBs work together with NTBs to promote their areas; they have common programs under contract with the NTBs, such as information collection and networked tourist information centre systems. RTBs receive grants from the Central and National governments but they have to raise a portion of the income from commercial activities. * Local Authorities play an important role in developing, promoting and managing tourism in their areas e.g. Poole and Dorset are local authorities that work with local businesses to provide websites that promote tourism. Tourist attractions serve as sites of interest for a tourist. A tourist may visit different sites in connection with his or her private interests. The ETC defines a visitor attraction as: A permanently established excursion destination, a primary purpose of which is to allow public access for entertainment, interest or education, rather than being a primary retail outlet or venue for sporting, theatrical or film performances. It must be open to the public, without prior booking, for published periods each year, and should be capable of attracting day visitors or tourists as well as local residents. Outhart, T. Taylor, L. Barker, R. Marvell, A. (2000) Unit 1: Investigating travel and tourism, Structure of the travel and tourism industry. Advanced Vocational Travel and Tourism, London, Collins, p. 60. Attractions can be further divided into natural and built. Built attractions have been built by man or women e.g. Hampton Court Palace was built by King Henry VIII as a royal residents and today it is a tourist attraction because of its link to royalty and its preserved art work. Natural attractions have occurred through nature e.g. Cheddar Gorge. Some attractions are run by the private sector for a profit e.g. Madame Tussauds, while others are run by charities, such as, the National Trust or controlled by the public sector e.g. Stonehenge. Theme and leisure park attractions are action packed, family centred leisure and entertainment complexes, which often include technological versions of fun fair rides e.g. Alton Towers, Chessington World of Adventures etc. People are attracted to theme parks as it can be a family day out, as most theme parks have a variety of rides that cater for all age groups e.g. Blackpool Pleasure Beach, has a huge roller coaster, which is an attraction within itself. Heritage and historic sites range from century old historic sites e.g. Stonehenge to castles, cathedrals and stately homes. The majority of these historic sites were erected for a specific purpose in history e.g. castles were the residents/home to royalty, cathedrals were places of worship and the Tower of London served as a jail. Many historic buildings are owned by religious organisations or government agencies e.g. the historic royal palaces. The Museums Association defines a museum as: An institution which collects, preserves, exhibits and interprets material evidence and associated information for the public benefit. Outhart, T. Taylor, L. Barker, R. Marvell, A. (2000) Unit 1: Investigating travel and tourism, Structure of the travel and tourism industry. Advanced Vocational Travel and Tourism, London, Collins, p. 63. In other words, they are protestors of works of art. Museums are important for regional and local areas, as they protect and exhibit works of art or history from local areas e.g. Glasgow Art Gallery and Museum attracted over a million visitors in 1998, as people were interested in Scottish history. Countryside visitor attractions provide opportunities for people to enjoy leisure pastimes e.g. picnics, walks etc. Many areas have urban parks e.g. Hyde Park in London or gardens e.g. Kew Gardens. The best-known areas of countryside attractions are the national parks. National parks are protected areas of land; they protect the fauna and flora of the local area. There are not many facilities available to the public in these areas. Some parks may offer accommodation and activities, such as; walking, abseiling or pony trekking but these activities will be limited. There are now eleven national parks in England and Wales e.g. Dartmoor, Snowdonia, Lake District etc. All the above components of the travel and tourism industry work simultaneously to provide a total tourist experience for a tourist or visitor. It starts with a tour operator, who will plan the holiday to the travel agent, who sells the package. The airline, train or ferry will provide the transport to the hotels or campsites, where the tourist will sleep (accommodation), to whichever restaurant or take away that he/she eats from (catering). The tourist might then visit an attraction that has been promoted in some way, either by the tourist board or through the local tourist information kiosk. These components are invisibly linked but work together to make sure that the tourist enjoys his/her visit to such an extent that he/she will return or by word of mouth, to generate other visitors.

Smoking During Pregnancy Health Concern

Smoking During Pregnancy Health Concern Erin Chaplin – Term Project Assignment #1 Topic: Tobacco Use  State: Iowa Objective: TU-6 -TU-6 Increase smoking cessation during pregnancy Increase smoking cessation during pregnancy Introduction Maternal smoking during pregnancy is a key public health concern in the United States. There are few instances in which environment has such a large effect on development as during pregnancy, which is considered a critical period.2 Prenatal factors have a large influence on a baby’s growth and development, and can lead to health consequences that affect them for their whole lives.2 Many women still smoke during pregnancy, despite it being well known that it puts the baby at risk of many health problems. There is a significant amount of scientific research proving the adverse effects of smoking during pregnancy, and pregnant women are discouraged from smoking while pregnant.2 However, it is reported that as many as 14% of pregnant women in the US continue smoking during pregnancy.1 Smoking during pregnancy remains the most common cause of infant illness and death, even though effective cessation methods exist.3 Public health is working toward trying to decrease the prevalence of smoking during pregnancy, but historical progress has been slow.3 Implications The period of infant development during pregnancy has arguably the most profound influence on a person’s long term health and quality of life.2 Smoking during pregnancy can negatively influence growth and development to such an extent as to determine future health and behavior of the child.2 There is plenty of evidence proving that the effects of smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of pregnancy complications such as fetal death (spontaneous abortion), fetal growth restriction (reduced birth weight), placental complications, and premature delivery.1,2,3 Smoking also increases the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) after birth.3 â€Å"In 2002, 5%–8% of preterm deliveries, 13%–19% of term infants with growth restriction, 5%–7% of preterm-related deaths, and 23%–34% of deaths from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) were attributable to prenatal smoking in the United States.† 3 Children of mothers who smoked during pregnancy also have increased risk for disease, health problems, and behavioral/ psychological issues later in life.2 There is evidence of a dose-response relationship, that increasing amount of cigarette usage is related to increased risk of defects and complications.1,2 It has been shown that nicotine crosses the placenta, and concentrations of nicotine in the baby can be as much as 15% higher than concentrations in the mother.2 There is also evidence that women who smoke during pregnancy have an increased risk of having a baby with two or more defects.1 There are a surprisingly large number of different physical birth defects that have been associated with significantly higher risk in women that smoke during pregnancy. There is a 9% increased risk associated with cardiovascular/heart birth defects.1 There is a 16% increased risk associated with musculoskeletal defects, such a limb reductions/underdevelopment.1 There is a 19% increased risk of facial defects, especially oral/facial clefts, with eye defects alone being greater than 25% increased risk.1 There is also increased risk of gastrointestinal defects and hernias.1 The most significant effects of smoking are seen in the occurrence and increased risk of limb reductions, club foot, oral clefts, eye defects, and hernias.1 There is not sufficient evidence to show an association between maternal smoking and defects of the genitourinary, respiratory, or central nervous systems, though it is possible that smoking may have some effect.1 (See Appendix B for Figure showing associations of specific defects with smoking) In the US there are approximately 120,000 babies born each year with a birth defect, which is 3% incidence per year.1 Smoking while pregnant has been proven to be associated with significantly increased risk for a variety of defects including cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal, facial, and more.1 Many of these birth defects are quite serious, result in physical and psychological illness, require several painful and expensive surgical treatments throughout the infant’s lifetime, and may still result in a disability.1 In the US the estimated total expenditures for treating birth defects was approximately $2.1 billion in 2003.1 In 2004 approximately $122 million in healthcare costs for infants were attributed to maternal smoking.3 Thus it is a significant cost on the healthcare system for women to smoke while pregnant. Other studies have found behavioral and psychological associations between smoking during pregnancy and the child’s abilities later in life.2 One study suggests that maternal smoking negatively affects a child’s speech and language development.2 Another study found an association with decreased intelligence in the child at age 4.2 There are also several studies that suggest an association with increased externalizing disorders, such as conduct disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders (ADD/ADHD).2 Cognitive function has been shown to be adversely affected in through decreased attention span, response inhibition, memory, impulsivity, receptive language, verbal learning and design memory, problem solving, speech and language, school performance, and auditory processing.2 It is important to also keep in mind that secondhand smoke after birth also increases a baby or child’s risk for respiratory disease and infections, immune system problems like asthma and allergies, ear infections, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), and cancer later in life.2,3 Trends Maternal smoking remains a common problem.2 It is reported that as many as 14% of pregnant women in the US continue smoking during pregnancy.1 For most states the prevalence of smoking hasn’t changed much over time; however from 2000 to 2010 smoking prevalence actually decreased in parts of the US.3 In a subgroup of ten states the prevalence of smoking during pregnancy decreased from 13.3% to 12.3%, and smoking after birth decreased from 18.6% to 17.2% over the 11 year period.3 Sites that showed a significant decrease in maternal smoking from 2000 to 2010 include Colorado, Illinois, Minnesota, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, New York City, Utah, Washington, Wisconsin and Wyoming.3 New York City achieved the highest annual percentage decrease.3 Unfortunately in Louisiana, Maine, Mississippi, and West Virginia the prevalence of smoking during and after pregnancy actually increased over the time period.3 (See Figures on next page showing maternal smoking prevalence in US by time and location) In 2010 prevalence of smoking before pregnancy ranged from 9.2% in New York City to 46.2% in West Virginia, with an average of 23.2% of women that reported smoking during the 3 months before pregnancy.3 At the time only New York City and Utah had achieved the Healthy People 2020 goal of reducing prevalence of smoking during the 3 months before pregnancy to 14%. 3 Figure 1 from Source 3 Figure 2 from Source 3 In 2010 prevalence of smoking during pregnancy ranged from 2.3% in New York City to 30.5% in West Virginia, with an average of 10.7% of women that reported smoking during the last 3 months of pregnancy.3 At the time none of sites had yet achieved the Healthy People 2020 goal of reducing prenatal smoking prevalence to 1.4%.3 In 2010 the percentage of women that had smoked but quit before the last trimester had increased significantly, especially in Illinois, Massachusetts, Michigan, and New Jersey.3 Unfortunately in Louisiana the number of women quitting smoking while pregnant actually decreased.3 In 2010 the percentage of women that quit smoking while pregnant ranged from 34.3% in West Virginia to 74.6% in New York City, with an average of 54.3% of women that reported quitting smoking during pregnancy.3 All sites with data available had achieved the Healthy People 2020 goal of increasing smoking cessation during pregnancy to 30%.3 In 2010 the prevalence of smoking after birth had decreased significantly, it ranged from 4.1% in New York City to 37.5% in West Virginia, with an average of 15.9% of women that reported smoking 4 months after delivery.3 In Iowa, from 2007 to 2012 the trend overall has been an average of a 15% decrease in women that have smoked before and during pregnancy.4 Unfortunately, despite this downward trend, there still remain 15% of women in Iowa that smoke during their first trimester, and 12% of women that smoke throughout their entire pregnancy.4 Awareness is helping, and there is now 41% of women in Iowa that smoked before pregnancy but quit while pregnant.4 Disparities Prevalence of smoking during pregnancy varies widely depending on maternal age, ethnicity, education, and health insurance coverage.1,2,3 Priorities can be highlighted based on this demographic information. In the US on average 20% of women less than 25 years old smoke while pregnant, compared with only 9% of women 35 years or older.1 Also 22% of women with less than 12 years of education smoke while pregnant, compared with only 6.5% of women with greater than 12 years of education.1 Some studies have even suggested that the percentage of women under age 20 that are smoking while pregnant has increased.2 Based on the demographic information presented in the Table in Appendix A, groups that need the most assistance are identified. It is easy to see a trend that women age 20-24, that are American Indian/Alaska Native, had 12 or less years of education, and had Medicaid coverage (low income) were more likely to smoke before, during, and after pregnancy.3 Women that were less than 20 years old, Asian/Pacific Islander, had greater than 12 years of education, and had private insurance coverage were all more likely to quit during pregnancy.3 (See Appendix A for Table showing maternal characteristics in prevalence of prenatal smoking) Conclusion Smoking during pregnancy has been a continued problem within the US. Maternal smoking has been proven to increase risk for many birth defects.1 Educational information encouraging women to quit smoking before or during pregnancy needs to be stressed.1 Educational and policy efforts also need to be targeted especially toward women under age 24, with 12 or less years of school, in lower socioeconomic groups, because they are more likely to smoke while pregnant.1,3 Efforts to reduce prevalence have only been mildly successful.3 In 2010 none of the states with data available had achieved the goal of reducing prevalence of prenatal smoking to 1.4%.3 If trends continue at the current slow rate then it could take another 100 years to reach that goal.3 Current tobacco control efforts in most states are probably not adequate to be able to reach national goals in reducing the prevalence of smoking during pregnancy.3 Appendix A Table 2 from Source 3 Appendix B Figure 1 from Source 1- â€Å"Summary of the meta-analyses for maternal smoking in pregnancy and birth defects. The pooled ORs are shown for each body system and specific defects (total number of malformed cases in brackets). CI: confidence interval† 1 References Hackshaw A, Rodeck C, Boniface S. (2011) Maternal smoking in pregnancy and birth defects: a systematic review based on 173 687 malformed cases and 11.7 million controls. Human Reproduction Update 2011; 17:589–604. doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmr022; URL: http://humupd.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2011/07/09/humupd.dmr022.full Knopik VS, Maccani MA, Francazio S, McGeary JE. (2012). The epigenetics of maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy and effects on child development. Development and Psychopathology 2012; 24(4):1377-1390. doi: http://dx.doi.org.proxy.lib.uiowa.edu/10.1017/S0954579412000776. Tong VT, Dietz PM, Morrow B, D’Angelo DV, Farr SL, Rockhill KM, England LJ. (2013). Trends in Smoking Before, During, and After Pregnancy – Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, United States, 40 Sites, 2000–2010. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Surveillance Summaries 2013; 62(6):1-19. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/ss/ss6206.pdf Muldoon, J. (2013) Percent of newborns exposed to maternal smoking, by county. IA Dept. Public Health: Vital Records and Bureau of Family Health, Div. Tobacco Use Prevention Control, IDPH; 2013. URL: http://www.idph.state.ia.us/IDPHChannelsService/file.ashx?file=787F5953-4D70-4563-A885-FCB2C9D3C185

A Study to Determine the Prevalence of Pressure Ulcers in Spinal Cord Injury Patients and Underlying Factors (in a Governme :: Nursing Research Project

I have done a research project in fulfillment of the Bachelors of Science in nursing at Rufaida College of nursing, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India. The project was, ‘A study to determine the prevalence of pressure ulcer in spinal cord injury patients and its possible underlying factors in a selected Government hospital of New Delhi in India'. The objectives of the study were, to determine the prevalence of pressure ulcer in spinal cord injury patients and find out the possible underlying factors for the development of pressure sore in spinal cord injury patients. The conceptual framework offered for the study based on the epidemiological concept of interaction between the agent, host and environment. The research approach adopted for the study was descriptive survey method. The tools for the data collection were an observation checklist, an interview schedule and a questionnaire. The observation checklist, used to determine the prevalence of pressure ulcer in spinal injury patients. The investigators used the interview schedule for the spinal cord injury patients, and the questionnaire for nursing staff to find out the possible underlying factors. Five experts from health care profession validated the tool. Purposive sampling technique adopted to select the sample. The sample consists of 54 spinal cord injury patients and 20 nursing staff from the spinal cord injury unit of Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India. The information collected over a period of two weeks. The data analyzed to find out the prevalence of pressure ulcer, their distribution by affected bony prominence and the stages of pressure sore by computing frequency and percentage. The data collected from spinal cord injury patients analyzed under host, agent and environmental factors by computing mean percentages. The significant findings of the study were as follows:- 1. There was a high prevalence (66.67%), of pressure ulcer in spinal cord injury patients. 2. The most affected bony prominence was sacrum (44.44%) and least affected area were ischial tuberosity, lateral malleolus, and toes (2.78%). 3. In most of the patients (47.22%), the pressure ulcers were in the 1st stage. 4. The key factors for the development for pressure ulcer in spinal cord injury patients were the lack of comfort devices (96%), and inadequate nurse- patient ratio (94%). 5. As reported by the nursing staff, the adequate nurse patient ratio (80%), was the dominant factor for the development for pressure ulcer in spinal cord injury patients.

Essay --

Women in India, a crucial issue that most people do not have the knowledge of. When this issue is looked into in depth, it is a variety of things: unfair, brutal, repulsive, and more. Unfortunately, most women in India have been treated unfairly for longer than can be remembered. When it is boiled down, it comes down to one component: religion. To get a primary view of the problem, the following is an example of what goes on every day. A girl, probably in her twenties, was coming home from a movie on the bus. A group of six men then ganged up on her and brutally raped her (Singh, 2013). As stated, events such as these go on almost daily. There are many instances of gender inequality in the dominant religion of Hinduism (Srivastava, 2008). Husbands treat their wives like property, and that is pretty much the root of the issue. A major factor of this subject is the concept of dowry. This concept should be well known before the issue is further dissected. Dowry is an ancient tradition where the husband gains the riches of the wife immediately after they are married (Bedi, 2012). What tends to happen is that the woman’s dowry does not usually satisfy the man, and this leads to devastating violence. Women are then killed in various torturous ways, such as live burning. This also leads to another major element of the problem: female infanticide. This is the unlawful killing of baby girls (BBC, 2014). Women do not want to disappoint their husbands by having a daughter, so they get rid of their unborn or newborn babies. Also, daughters cause a financial burden to the family, so families would want to dispose of them ( BBC, 2014). Also, men are far more educated than women in India, and that leads to more problems. Yes, awfully tragic, bu... ...n. Additionally, it should be known that currently, there is no special law in India against sexual assault or harassment (Pidd, 2012). The attempted solution mentioned prior is very general, and it is geared towards many different countries. India needs a specific, well-enforced law against these sorts of entities; they are not to be taken lightly. Innumerable women suffer from all types of sexually transmitted diseases and unwanted pregnancies because of this. Countries such as the United States could possibly help with this. Stringent procedures must be put into effect when this type of issue is reported. Unlike what is going on now, a law of this manner must be meticulously enforced at all times. If the proper steps are taken, eventually, the issue could subside. For now, the nation’s problems will most likely remain the same, tearing apart society even further.

Geoffrey Chaucer :: Biographies Poet Poetry Essays

Geoffrey Chaucer Before William Shakespeare, Geoffrey Chaucer was the preeminent English poet, and still retains the position as the most significant poet to write in Middle English. Chaucer was born in the early 1340s to a middle-class family. His father, John Chaucer, was a vintner and deputy to the king's butler. His family's financial success came from work in the wine and leather businesses. Little information exists about Chaucer's education, but his writings demonstrate a close familiarity with a number of important books of his contemporaries and of earlier times. Chaucer was likely fluent in several languages, including French, Italian and Latin. Chaucer first appears in public records in 1357 as a member of the house of Elizabeth, Countess of Ulster. This was a conventional arrangement in which sons of middle-class households were placed in royal service so that they may obtain a courtly education. Two years later Chaucer served in the army under Edward III and was captured during an unsuccessful offensive at Reims, although he was later ransomed. Chaucer served under a number of diplomatic missions. By 1366 Chaucer had married Philippa Pan, who had been in service with the Countess of Ulster. Chaucer married well for his position, for Philippa Chaucer received an annuity from the queen consort of Edward III. Chaucer himself secured an annuity as yeoman of the king and was listed as one of the king's esquires. Chaucer's first published work was The Book of the Duchess, a poem of over 1,300 lines that is an elegy for the Duchess of Lancaster. For this first of his important poems, which was published in 1370, Chaucer used the dream-vision form, a genre made popular by the highly influential 13th-century French poem of courtly love, the Roman de la Rose, which Chaucer translated into English. Throughout the following decade, Chaucer continued with his diplomatic career, traveling to Italy for negotiations to open a Genoa port to Britain as well as military negotiations with Milan. During his missions to Italy, Chaucer encountered the work of Dante, Petrarch, and Boccaccio, which were later to have profound influence upon his own writing. In 1374 Chaucer was appointed comptroller of the customs and subsidy of wool, skins, and tanned hides for the Port of London, his first position away from the British court.

The impact of Christian Religious Education

The context of studying religious in a society such as ours, Christian religious educations give me the opportunity to learn from religion (Christian religion) in an organized Manner.From my perspective, Christian religious education aims to support and develop my religious identity by giving me the opportunity to participate at Christian religious practices. Religious education like Christianity involves religious practices such as praying, caring for others, and dealing with the challenges of life.In these practices I see Christian religious education as an inspirational reality of God’s teaching; the only reliable tool that I rely on in the time of difficulties and challenges. The concepts of God, creation, redemption, or eternity are concepts that are difficult to understand unless with faith and the teaching of Christian religious education.From this standpoint, progress in Christian religious education refers to my participation at religious practices in a more proficien t way. The aim of this paper is to get a clear view on the significance of studying Christian Religious Education and its impact on me as an individual.Growing up as a KidAs a kid growing up I attended Catechism classes (first Holy Communion and Confirmation), as far as going to the seminary (Catholic seminary) after my graduation from high school. I attended catechism classes and was taught the Catholic doctrines and other Christian beliefs.Therefore, Christian religious education has impacted my life and my personal growth. Consequently, learning through religious education enables me to:Develop my knowledge and deepen my understanding of the Christian faith, especially my Catholic faith and other Christian beliefs. It helps me understand the relevance of the Catholic faith and the meaning of life. It fosters the values, attitudes and practices which are well-suited with my faith as Christian. Christian religious education develops my skills of reflection, critical thinking, and h ow to act in accordance when making moral decisions. It nurtures my prayer life as an individual.It helps me understand and appreciate significant aspects of other Christian traditions such as observing lent, the practice of station of the cross and advent season. The observance of all of these makes a positive difference to my Christian life and put my beliefs and values into action.The Influence of Christian Religion Education on meThe impact of Christian religious education on me is that it transfers Christian moral values and norms to me as person or individual growing up to become responsible and appreciating myself and others. It teaches me the actual duty of a Christian and acquaints me with religious practices and obedience to authorities in the neighborhood, homes, state and in the universal society.Christian religious education helps me to develop the knowledge and understanding of Christianity and especially, the catholic doctrine. Christian religious education specially the catholic doctrine have taught me some religious norms and it values and has encouraged me to learn from various religious beliefs, values and culture while at the same time, focusing my own beliefs regarding my religion.My study at the seminary and catechism classes has also help me to be mature personally and socially as well as refining my judgments and decisions on religious, moral and social issues, preparing me for life in a secular society.During my time in primary school I can clearly recall that Christian religious education in the context of catholic religious teachings popularly known as â€Å"doctrine† in catholic schools was a compulsory subject for us. It was mandatory subject, not an optional one.In fact anyone who could not pass doctrine in St. Francis high school (Pleebo, Maryland County) is assumed not to be able to do well or pass other subjects. As the result, Christian religious education gave me a stronger sense of my identity and it made me to know m y place in the world that I live in through Christian religious and ethical teaching.Christian Religious education guides me through my spiritual journey. It motives me and helps me been focus on my spiritual life. If I don’t understand what I am implementing in my life, then I will end up losing focus in my Christian activities.Christian Religious education aids me in instructing me how to understand the existence of God and how to obey his commands. Christian Religious education assists me in keeping me from doing the wrong things and repeating the same mistakes over and over again.It instructs me to obey authorities and follow the teaching of the scriptures, so that I may teach the little one or my own kids the ways of life of my religion (Christian) and how to follow it teachings. Encourages me to look more into what I accept as true and reflect on that spiritual knowledge. It helps me understand the Word of God as expressed in the Christian scriptures and especially the teachings of the Catholic Church. And considering how situations can affect the way that I understand things in my lives and the world around me. Reflecting on the Catholic beliefs that my life has meaning, therefore, the essence of Christian religious education is to help me to value the teachings of the scriptures and that which God reveals in our lives.It helps me recognize such knowledge and understand issues which are never fully realized except in actual relationships with the scripture (God) or teaching of Christian religion education. It helps me truly develop and  engage common issues in concrete actions.Why Christian Religion Education Matters to me?Christian Religious education makes a distinctive contribution to my well-being. It promotes my moral, social and above all my spiritual, development. It prepares me for societal challenges and future responsibilities. Religion and beliefs inform our values and are reflected in what we say and how we behave. Christian Religio us education try to explain or give meaning to challenging questions about the ultimate meaning and purpose of life, beliefs about God, and the nature of reality, issues of right and wrong and what it means to be human. It develops my knowledge and understanding of the nature of religion and belief including Christianity, and other principal religious issues, such as the TRINITY, (three persons in one God).God the FATHER, God the SON and God the HOLY SPIRIT, philosophy that are difficult to understand. Christian religious education offers me the opportunities for personal reflection and spiritual development. It enhances my awareness and understanding of Christianity and beliefs, teachings and practices. Christian religious education had impacted my life, to be more precise, it helps me to understand issues of faith and the existence of God. There are things I cannot do because of my beliefs and faith.I cannot take away human life, because I have value for other and the life of peop le. I cannot encourage abortion or homosexual arts.Taking away other life is murder, murder is a crime. Christian religious education, specially my doctrine (catholic doctrines) forbids that. And Christian religious educations help enhance and foster my beliefs. Therefore, my value of God is deepening.Christian religious education today is vital. As the issue of extremism emerges, I begun to wonder how these people lost their moral direction and they have turn against society in the name of religion. One might want to look to their religion as one aspect of what shaped their thinking.Instead of judge them; I extend forgiveness, because my religion (Christianity) teaches me how to forgive. After all, Christ said in the Bible â€Å"he who is without sin should cast the first stone.†Christian religious education is priceless. Christian religion offer open debate about all moral and ethical points of view. It is open to free debate, unlike other religions which forbids open discu ssion of some critical issues.In order to combat ignorance, Christian religious educations enlighten my mind. It causes me to act as detects by the scripture or my doctrine.The reason a society falls is its lack of morality. Christian religious education taught me about morality, ethics and to love others, even if they don’t act very loving toward me.The skills, understanding and knowledge acquired from Christian religious education during my seminary and catechism class’s days, couple with my Christian ethics class at AMEU is very necessary. They help to broaden my knowledge and positively sharp my thinking to be mature in my attitudes.Christian religious educations help me to be open minded, value for others and self understanding. Experiencing self-assurance about my own beliefs and identity and increasing my perception of my religious, moral and spiritual ideas.ConclusionIn conclusion to this paper, I will say Christian religious education from all angle and from a ll area of society has shown without any doubt its significance on me as individual and society cannot be ignored.Christian Religious Education has prove to make available openings for spiritual expansion in the course of helping me to think about and act in response to questions of meaning and function in life, and questions about the s existence of God and morals in human society; to consider and react to  critical issues especially issues of morality and real challenges of life.This has helped me to make clear and knowledgeable decision on religious and moral issues. Our society today is face with many moral issues, such as same sex marriage know as gay marriage and the issue of abortion. Christian religious education has helped to develop my sense of character and belonging, preparing me for life as individual in society.It gives me consciousness and understanding of my beliefs, including practices and values of Christianity. Christian Religious Education is a tool that streng then my ethical attitude and values, including choices and behavior and my believed toward abortion, drugs and homosexuality.

Shareholder Activism Essay

Can shargonowner activism satisfying deliver the desired change? entry counselThe increasing aw arness of sh atomic number 18owners and their level of importance to the modern face shoot embossed multiple incertitudes as to the potential fictitious character which sh beowners squirt play in influencing the finality make of the charge team and their impartingness to work with a broad range of s latch onholders. Whither shareowners relieve oneself an clashing to some(prenominal) degree, this is referred to as shareowner activism and is largely described as universe the role that shareowners play in commanding the decisions made by focal point teams (Bainbridge, 1995). Whilst it is pronto certain(prenominal) that shareowners own the come with, whereas trailors manage the community, in that location has historic whollyy been a misapprehension that stockholders are apparently inte residuumed in the monetary profits that the follow produces. It is argu ed in this write up that this is non the case and stockholders are decent over often much contain-to doe with in ensuring a balanced approach and that organisations ready a wider awareness of issues such as incorporated tender responsibility (Schacht, 1995). The tendency of this paper is to consider whether or non this guinea pig of shareowner activism squeeze out actually be seen to be delivering a decreed change, specifi keyy in the area of corporate social responsibility. In shape to appear at this issue and the development of CSR, shareowner activism in its entirety needs to be looked at, before then considering the level-headed political science which advocates such activism and any specific cases that are relevant, before drawing conclusions on the call question.Shareholder activism the Theoretical PerspectiveThe trouble of an organisation has, for a long time, accepted that the trans deed of a business is exhaust to them and that, if the shareh olders are unhappy about the per turnance or the returns of the business they whitethorn potentially walk away from the organisation or the position of the manager may be in jeopardy. Where shareholders worry this type of action on board, it push aside be suggested that shareholder activism is in functioning. Broadly speaking, there are several key reasons why which investors may practise the shareholder activist approach.Firstly, shareholder activism occurs in battle array to procure a better return on shareholder investment secondly, to ensure that the company pursues a assorted corporate strategy that provide lastly improve performance and profit readiness, a key example of this world the shadow that the company should demerge thirdly, to make changes in the management team fourthly in cast to pursue some form of surplus interest, such as a social and ethical agenda (it is this agenda which will be looked at in to a greater extent detail in the paper below). Finally, shareholder activism is undertaken to influence the outcome of some form of corporate agenda that has already been prosecute (Tarrow, 1994).Shareholders form always had the option of fundamentally pick out with their feet, when they disapprove of the decisions of the management team. For example, they displace simply sell their shares, where traditionally the criticisms of management decisions would take place in private, with shareholders simply moving away when they were displeased. Although the concept of shareholder activism is not necessarily new, in new-fangled years, it has certainly increased in its operation and become much more prevalent.Examples of upstart shareholder activism overwhelm action by an institutional investor, Knight Vinke Asset oversight which lobbied for changes in the HSBC strategy, or in Tesco where shareholders became involved in soliciting changes in working conditions relating to clothes suppliers in Asia. Interestingly, shareholder activism d oes not weigh on the size of the market, with shareholder activism being a tool that roll in the hay be utilise in any type of organisation. Those memory shares are similarly potentially able to act in this way and therefore this lends a considerably more diverse meaning to the notion of shareholder activism, which provoke be derived from a much broader range of sources (Roe, 2003).With this potential diversity in intellect, the next step is to look at the tools that are available for the activist shareholder and to identify the statutory basis upon which such action tidy sum take place. statutory BasisOne of the key statutory office staffs which are available in order to support shareholder activism is that of the Companies stage 2006 (the flirt). This actuate lays down the legal framework which enables a shareholder to exercise any of their legal rights when they are pursuing an activist agenda. The little options available to the shareholder will number on the type of company in which they hold shares for example, there are different rights attached to public companies. For the purpose of this analysis, all potential legal rights will be looked at and it should be borne in mind that these may not always be available, crabbedly to shareholders of private companies (Warneryd, 2005).In consent with component parts 303 to 305 of the Act, shareholders are able to call a general shock. This is a strong part of the shareholder activism as it provides parts with a chopine in which they mountain make their requirements known. In the aftermath of the Shareholder Rights Directive 2009, members and groups of shareholders representing a minimum of 5% of the public companies voting rights are able to demand that the theatre directors call a general meeting of the company. Similarly, where the directors take to convene a general meeting there are rules associated with giving key to the individual shareholders. This fall by the waysides shareholder s the prospect to bring a program upon which to discuss their own issues.Secondly, in accordance with fragments 314 317, members with a shareholding of at least 5% or shareholders or that have at least 100 shares with an bonny of at least ?100 per member are entitled to demand that the company circulates a statement to shareholders of up to 1,000 delivery regarding a proposed solving or any different(a) business that is going to take place at the meeting. This again provides the shareholders with the data that they need in order to be potentially spry. It is in like manner noted that expert owners of shares can calculate towards the threshold in order to meet the 5% cancel (Belloc and Pagano, 2009).As well as the force to gain access to the meeting and discipline in relation to the meeting, shareholders are also entitled to be active indoors the meeting itself. In accordance with section 338, shareholders holding a total of 5% shares can propose a resolution, a s trategy that was used by the investor expeditious capital structures but they ask a resolution as part of the 2007 AGM of Vodafone plc to pursue a specific strategy. Furthermore, section 168 provides shareholders with the ability to propose the removal of the directors. Arguably, this is one of the greater sanctions available to shareholders, from the billet of the individual directors. Where this movement is being initiated, supererogatory notice of 28 days must be given over of the intention to propose this resolution and to fair work in line with the articles of connexion of the company (Filatotchev, et al 2006).Importantly, section 116 of the Act allows any shareholders to gain access to the shareholder register which then may passing them the luck for the shareholders to join forces in order to deal with a particular agenda, devising the ability to reach the 5% thresholds reasonably easier. There are, however, requirements for shareholders to ensure that when they ar e electioneering support they are doing so for the prim purpose.There are certain thresholds which allow shareholders to have rights, with 5% offering the opportunity to propose a resolution, to require an breakaway report in the case of quoted companies, the condition to require companies to publish audit concerns, again in quoted companies, and also the power to include a matter that should be considered at AGM. When the required percent of the shareholders join forces, the power becomes much more threatening to the management team, as this is the requisite amount required a specific resolution. For example, at 75%, the shareholders can require a special resolution to be passed.The regime associated with proxies can play a very great role when it comes to shareholder activism with the 2006 Act making changes as to the way in which proxies can operate, allowing the property to be much more effective. For example, members have an absolute right to establish a proxy who can go through a meeting and vote on their behalf.Another key area of shareholder activism emerged from the ability to use corporate representation, sort of than using a proxy, as this allows shareholders a much greater degree of hard-nosed flexibility when they are unable to take after with proxy deadlines, or some other form of formality. Corporate shareholders are also able to appoint representatives by moral excellence of their own board resolution.Finally, it is worth noting that shareholders rights can be utilised by corroborative investors. For example, under the 2006 Act, it is possible for the beneficial shareholders holding shares to enjoy development rights, i.e. to obtain information in relation to the company and in many cases the beneficial shareholders can count towards reaching the 5% thresholds. Although this goes beyond the mountain range of the discussion here, it is worth noting that these beneficial shareholders can have a direct impact on any agenda for sharehol der activism.Examples of Shareholder ActivismIn order to gain an intellect of just how effective these legal commissariat can be, the situation in Tesco can be looked at. In 2007, the poverty charity War on Want used the fact that it held a 5% shareholding in order to present a resolution at the 2007 AGM, with a view to ensuring a better deal for suppliers, in particular across Asia. The matter did not rest there and in June 2008 Tesco was targeted once again by a group of shareholders who were headed by an individual high- profile shareholder, to look at the living conditions of chickens, prior to their purchase by Tesco for sale.The shareholders in both these cases used section 338 of the Companies Act 2006, in order to demand resolutions relating to their individual issues. Once this resolution had been demanded, the company was required to circulate information relating to the resolution, as well as any reinforcement statements (Aguilera, 2005). This type of shareholder acti vism was seen to be in(predicate) in these individual cases and provided a current forum for the shareholders with a relatively nominal percentage to change the strategy and activities of the organisation itself.Tesco is not alone in face up these types of issues and many other large companies have also faced action from marginal shareholders, relating to specific issues such as struggle for staff or supplier issues. This shows a clear indication of the unbiddenness of shareholders to become much more active in move their points forward and being willing to take on corporations by forcing resolutions to be pose and information to be provided to the broader shareholding (Hendry et al 2007).Analysis and ConclusionsThe question presented here is to consider whether or not shareholder activism can truly have an impact on organisations, when it comes to encouraging changes and improving corporate social responsibility within the organisation. By feeling at the narration of s hareholder activism and the way in which shareholders are becoming much more willing to engage in the operation of the company, as well as examining the provisions of the 2006 Act which provide shareholders with the ability to undertake these activities, it is argued here that shareholder activism is a growing and real threat to management teams of all sizes.In particular, the 2006 Act offers a considerable opportunity for shareholders to demand information and to have certain items discussed at the AGM. By merely providing this platform for discussion, shareholders can become more active in order to ensure their ultimate agenda is not pursued. By looking at this and using a company such as Tesco as an example, it can be seen that groups of shareholders are gaining real anxiety and are able to have a direct and dramatic impact on the decisions made by the management teams, curiously when faced with the ultimate sanction that shareholders can request the removal of those directors who fails to comply (Gillan and Starks, 2000).It is cogitate here, therefore, that shareholder activism is a real and direct method whereby shareholder groups can encourage changes in the strategy of the organisation relating to both corporate, social responsibility and any other relevant issues.ReferencesAguilera, R.V. (2005) Corporate brass section and director accountability An institutional comparative perspective British daybook of Management, 16 S39S53.Bainbridge, S. M. (1995) The political science of corporate governance, Harvard Journal of Law and humans Policy, Vol. 18 (3), pp. 671-735.Belloc, M. and Pagano, U. (2009) Co-evolution of governance and corporate governance, global Review of Law and Economics, Vol. 29 (2), pp. 106-114. Filatotchev, I., Jackson, G., Gospel, H., and Allcock, D. (2006) aboriginal Drivers of Good Corporate Governance and the nicety of UK Policy Responses The Department of Trade and labor and Kings College London.Gillan, S.L. and Starks, L.T (2000) Corporate governance proposals and shareholder activism The role of institutional investors Journal of Financial Economics, 57 (2) 275- 305.Hendry, J., Sanderson, P., Barker, R. and Roberts, J. (2007) Responsible ownership, shareholder value and the new shareholder activism contention & Change,11 (3) 223-240.Roe, M.J. (2003) governmental Determinants of Corporate Governance Political Context, Corporate Impact Oxford University Press.Schacht, K.N. (1995) Institutional investors and shareholder activism Dealing with demanding shareholders Directorship, 21 (5) 8-12.Tarrow, S. (1994) Power in Movement Collective Action, Social Movements, and governance in Marens, R. (2002) Inventing corporate governance The mid-century outlet of shareholder activism Journal of Business & Management, 8 (4) 365.Warneryd, K. (2005) Special issue on the politics of corporate governance Introduction, Economics of Governance, Vol. 6 (2), pp. 91-92.

Health and Fitness on nutrition needs for body Essay

Nutrition for athletes Journal of sports science. 22(1): 39-55. (2004) Journal on Timing of Energy and Fluid Intake. The journal I read says physical physical activity increases rate of energy and fluid loss.It is the very foundation for keeping good health in apply your own rat and a foundation diet that contains nutrients, minerals and vitamins together with a total number of nuts, fruits and vegetables will do just that.Carbohydrates 7 to 8 g/kg body weight per day. Complex carbohydrates rather than sugars are preferred sources. high Protein in adult’s 1-2g/kg body weight per day. Protein in a child is 2g/kg body weight per day.The number is closely connected keyword with blood sugar control.

The more frequent the eating pattern, the lower the body fat and the higher the muscle mass. Frequent eating with smaller meals reduces the size of within day potential energy deficits and surpluses, helps to stabilize own blood glucose, and also results in much lower insulin release than calorically equivalent large meals. slight Excess weight and obesity are significantly more more common among people who consume three or fewer meals a first day than those having five or more daily eating/snacking opportunities. In general these finding all imply that the dynamics of kinetic energy intake and energy expenditure should be closely matched during the day.Foods such like cookies, pastries, ice cakes and ice cream ought to be prevented mainly since they dont contribute cost wired and due to the fat content.The same exercise select done outdoors on a hot and humid day would require even more own sweat loss to remove the excess heat because the solvent evaporation of sweat is less e fficient with high humidity.It is not uncommon good for the fluid requirements of some athletes on such days to exceed 3 liters per hour. A person gets thirsty after about 1.5 l of body water.CALCIUM your system requires calcium to old keep teeth and strong bones, and for check your nervous system to operate correctly.

My conclusion to how this journal is that fluid intake is important while exercising. Your body sweats and fluids what are needed. Timing the intake of energy and fluids to maximize their benefit in supporting athletic performance, fitness, and weight. Exercise uses energy logical and fluids which your body needs.The body requires water to live.Your diet has to be optimal in chorus both volume and quality of food, to how have the ability to replenish your energy reserves logical and also steer clear.Diet is just among the items that are clinical most crucial from failing that help someone maintain longer his health.

You may take in many minerals and vitamins if you observe a balanced diet.Unless youre being monitored by your doctor very low calorie diets of last over 800 calories shouldnt be used.Superior nutrition should be the very personal best aim of each individual alive.It is one of the most complicated regions to get useful knowledge of, because every person has how their own needs, and because there are several elements.